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US manufactures "electronic ink" using harmless nanocrystalline silicon
In a recent report published by the Physicist Organization Network on July 30th, American researchers have made a breakthrough in developing electronic devices and solar cells from affordable, non-toxic, and long-lasting chemical materials. This advancement brings us one step closer to low-cost touchpads and solar panels that can be produced for just a few dollars. The findings were detailed in the latest issue of *Nature Communications*.
Uvi Kotschagan, a mechanical engineering professor at the University of Minnesota and co-author of the study, shared her excitement about the potential impact. “This new technology could allow children in developing countries to access educational tools like touchpads priced under $10. In the future, the cost of home solar panels may even fall below that of fossil fuels,†she said.
The research team, consisting of scientists from the University of Minnesota and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), developed a unique type of "electronic ink" using non-toxic nanoscale silicon crystals. This ink can be used in plastic printing to create inexpensive electronic devices.
Dr. Lance Weiler, the lead researcher from the University of Minnesota’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, compared the process to printing digital numbers on a baseball jersey. However, he noted that the actual process is far more complex. He explained that there are two main challenges when working with this kind of silicon-based ink.
First, traditional methods require the use of organic molecules called "ligands" to ensure the ink remains stable over time. But these ligands can leave behind harmful residues after printing, degrading the quality of the thin film and making it unsuitable for electronic applications. Additionally, to improve the electrical performance of the film, scientists typically perform a process known as "doping," which involves adding tiny amounts of germanium nanoparticles.
The newly developed method addresses both issues. Instead of using ligands, the researchers used an ionized gas—non-thermal plasma—to produce silicon nanocrystals coated with a layer of chlorine atoms. This chlorine layer interacts well with common solvents, eliminating the need for ligands. Moreover, the solvent itself acts as a natural dopant, boosting the conductivity of the film by up to 1,000 times.
Kotschagan emphasized the significance of the breakthrough: “This research brings us closer to creating safer, more stable electronic inks using non-toxic chemicals. We hope this innovation will benefit people around the world.â€