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Since 1985, Huangge Abrasives Factory of Huangge County has been the first diamond terrazzo machine and synthetic diamond grinding disc product in China, it has greatly promoted the wide application of diamond in the construction industry. The demand for diamond has increased greatly year by year, to 6× in China in 1994. The six-sided top press below 800T has grown to 3,000 units and the output is close to 400 million carats. Among them, the Yellow River's demand for Type 1 and Type 2 materials almost covered 90% of the total domestic production.
In 1994, Huanghe Company's demand for diamonds reached 120 million carats, accounting for 30% of the total diamond production in the country. In particular, Huanghe Company built a high-grade stone saw blade (Yellow River Company, Ministry of Machinery Industry Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research) The company has three diamond tool production lines for concrete drills and concrete drill bits, and the demand for diamonds, especially for high-grade diamonds, has increased.
At that time, Huanghe Company also built a diamond production line of 60 6×800T six-face presses, with an annual output of 8 million carats, and cultivated a diamond production team. However, the production technology level is the same as other domestic manufacturers, most of which are Medium and low grade materials. In the high-grade diamonds required by Huanghe Company's high-grade stone saw blade production process, domestic diamond production enterprises cannot meet the demand. These high-grade diamonds also need to be imported.
In fact, the company has a certain demand, application, and has a certain experience in diamond production. Under this circumstance, the chairman of the Yellow River Company, Qiao Jinling, is far-sighted and leads the company's senior management personnel to investigate the diamond production projects at home and abroad with extraordinary vision. road.
Second, extensive technical investigation and demonstration, laid the foundation for the design of large cavity presses
Beginning in May 1994, Chairman of the Yellow River Company Qiao Jinling organized many overseas inspections in the United States, Russia, Japan, South Korea, etc., and the United States "GE" company, "ELWOOD" company, Japan "ODK" company, "Dongming" company, South Korea The “Jinjin†and “Second†companies have made extensive contacts with relevant Russian personnel and have extensively understood the foreign double-sided diamond press and its production technology. The following conclusions were drawn:
1. The two-face press is a high-grade diamond production equipment. It creates favorable conditions for the growth of high-grade diamonds with its uniform continuous longitudinal centering pressure and simple two-end sealing and reasonable thermal insulation structure.
2. The two-face press and its diamond synthesis process are the core technologies of the Western capitalist countries. It will not easily teach the Chinese to the technology. The failure of Shenzhen Asia to introduce the foreign two-side press and its diamond synthesis process is a good one. Case.
3. China's two-face press and its diamond synthesis process have also been developed for many years. However, due to the limitations of the domestic machinery processing industry, the important part of the press-cylinder has never been able to meet the industrial requirements of tens of thousands of service life. The industrialization of the two-side top press is difficult.
4, relying on two-sided top press to produce diamond, its production cost is too high, which is not conducive to the future market competition in the enterprise.
Therefore, while investigating foreign diamond production technology, Chairman Qiao Jinling almost traveled to Beijing, Hunan, Anhui, Henan and other major domestic diamond manufacturers, and visited the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry in Zhengzhou. Professor Qian Weigui, Director He Yiquan and Professor Wang Guangzu and other experts in superhard materials went to Changsha to meet Professor Chen Qiwu, the president of the Metallurgical Minister of Sha Mining and Metallurgy, and went to Guilin to see Professor Zhang Zhiyuan of the Institute of Geology and Minerals. Workers, etc., have drawn constructive opinions from many industry experts. The following conclusions were drawn:
(1) China's six-sided top press and its diamond synthesis process have been developed for many years. At present, there are 3,000 six-sided top presses under 6×800T, and there is a certain high-pressure synthesis in the domestic machining industry. The basis for the production of equipment.
(2) Theoretically, expanding the synthesis cavity space can increase the pressurization time in the diamond synthesis process, improve the thermal insulation properties of the synthesis cavity, improve the diamond growth conditions, and lay the foundation for the growth of high-grade diamond. .
(3) As long as the rigidity problem of the press and the dynamic alignment problem are solved, the operation of the press is stable, and the diamond production cost is not high, which is conducive to competition in the enterprise market in the future.
(4) The six-faced diamond press and its diamond synthesis technology can be completely controlled in its own enterprise, which is conducive to the technological innovation of the enterprise in the future.
The insights of these super-hard materials experts have enabled the chairman of the Yellow River Company, Qiao Jinling, to establish a belief in the six-face press and the development of China's own diamond business.
In August 1995, Chairman of the Yellow River Company Qiao Jinling, with his personal charisma and extraordinary organizational ability, formed a diamond project research and development organization in the Yellow River Company, with the power of a private enterprise and the personal identity of a farmer-born entrepreneur. With a strong overall planning, leadership and organizational capabilities to complete the national-level large project - diamond press large-scale project!
Later, under the specific organization of Director Hu Baoren of the Yellow River R&D Center, Mr. Chen Qiwu, the director of the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and Mr. Chen Qiwu, the director of the Metallurgical Minister Sha Mining and Metallurgy Research Institute, Prof. Zhang Zhiyuan, Professor of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals, Senior Engineer of the Ministry of Weapons and Industry, Director of the Zhongzhou Machinery Plant, Professor Han Zheng, Senior Engineer of the Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, Professor Xia Hengqing of the Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, Professor Shen Xinde of the Jinan Casting and Forging Institute of the Ministry of Machinery, He Lizhou, Chi Mingxiao, Fu Fenglai, Wang Yuzhang, Chang Wenbin, Liu Ziming, Liu Xieqiang, Chen Zudan, Zhang Zhan, Zhang Kui, Chen Yu, Zhang Xiangfa, Wang Liwei, Tan Xiaoguo, Wu Zongze, Zhang Guangming, Yang Guowen, Yang Ling, Xie Yuqiang, Liu Peng, Xia Yue, Niu Xiulin Changxia, Cao Qingzhong, Chen Chaojie and other domestic ultra-high pressure synthetic equipment design, manufacturing, electronics, diamond synthesis, post-processing industry, well-known experts, scholars more than 30 people gathered in Zhengzhou, the experts at the meeting with great enthusiasm, efforts to improve the Chinese diamond industry Technical level of ambition and serious and responsible attitude, diamond production technology, six-sided pressure And the intelligent control system has been discussed for more than three months, and the technical design scheme of the type I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) large cavity press and the test, pilot test, large-scale production plan and type II have been determined. (Φ450 bore, 6×20MN), type III (Φ630 bore, 6×34MN) large cavity press development and industrialization plan, laid the technical foundation for the large-scale diamond press. This discussion paper mainly solves the following technical problems:
(1) Professor Chen Qiwu's Ф28.5 synthesis cavity diamond synthesis process test program. This involves issues such as the pressure and sealing form of the synthetic cavity, the dynamic centering state, and the diamond growth environment of the synthetic cavity.
(2), Zhang Zhan master, Zhang Kui master's Ф30 synthetic cavity structure. This relates to the structure of the top hammer, the form of the top hammer pressure and seal, the structure of the pyrophyllite block, the assembly form of the composite block, the thickness of the catalyst sheet, and the thickness of the carbon sheet.
(3), Zhang Zhiyuan professor-level high-tech Φ400 bore six-sided top press design ideas. This involves the dynamic centering analysis of the press, the strength guarantee of the press disc ear, the precision guarantee of the press disc ear, the processing method of the press disc ear, the material and rigidity of the press disc ear, and the wear of the press disc ear. The pin assembly form, the strength of the press piston cylinder, the rear seat structure of the piston cylinder, the six-cylinder connection method, and the supercharger structure.
(4) Cao Qingzhong's high-tech intelligent design of the electric control of the press. This involves automatic control methods, continuous pressure monitoring, continuous monitoring of heating power, piston displacement monitoring, automatic process tracking, human-machine interface approach, process storage format, operational logging, simplification of operation, and assurance of control accuracy and operational reliability.
(5) Cao Qingzhong's continuous pressure-reducing oil circuit structure and control design ideas. This involves the continuous oil supply mode of the hydraulic pump, the size of the hydraulic pump combined with the small pump pressure holding method, and the performance comparison of the two oil supply methods.
(6), type I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) large cavity press test, pilot test, large-scale production plan. Here, a scientific feasibility project implementation plan was developed in which three presses were used for process development, six presses were used as medium-term tests, and 200 presses were used for large-scale production.
(7) Planning for the development, research and development and industrialization of type II (Φ450 bore, 6×20MN), III (Φ630 bore, 6×34MN) large cavity presses.
In July 1996, Chairman of the Yellow River Company Qiao Jinling firmly declared that the development of the Φ33mm cavity and the 6×13.5MN press project began. The establishment of the chief executive of Chen Qiwu and Professor Zhang Zhiyuan as the deputy project leader, the master of Zhang Zhan, the master of Zhang Kui, the leader of the diamond process team, the professor of Han Zheng, and the professor of Xia Hengqing, design and manufacture of the positive and negative presses. The team leader and the team of nearly 40 people who are led by Cao Qingzhong as the automatic control team, the heavy and glorious major scientific research project in Henan Province - "UDS-I type (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) six-sided top The development of high-pressure synthesis equipment and its diamond synthesis process began.
Third, rigorous technical design and manufacturing ensure the success of industrialization of large cavity presses
The firm determination of Chairman Qiao Jinling has ignited the courage and confidence of every expert of the Huanghe company's press development team. Every expert and employee of the development team worked diligently and successively solved a technical difficulty. Among them, Professor Zhang Zhiyuan's senior engineer and Professor Xia Hengqing provoked the design burden of the press; Han Zheng professor-level senior engineer and Chen Chaojie engineer responsible for equipment manufacturing and machining; Zhang Zhan master and Zhang Kui master provoked Ф30 synthetic cavity The design and synthesis process design burden; Cao Qingzhong is responsible for the design and production of intelligent electrical control devices.
On March 26, 1997, the first type I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) large cavity press was installed in the laboratory of the Yellow River Technology Center. Professor Chen Qiwu led Deng Fuming and other doctors on the machine. .5 Synthetic cavity diamond synthesis process test, and achieved success, took the first step of the large cavity process technology.
In May and June 1997, the second and third type I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) large cavity presses were installed in the laboratory of the Yellow River Technology Center. The two units were equipped with industrial control. Computer-based intelligent control system. Subsequently, the Yellow River Diamond Process R&D team led by Zhang Zhan Master and Zhang Kui Master conducted the diamond synthesis process test of the Ф30 synthesis cavity and the Ф33 synthesis cavity on these three test presses, which succeeded and completed the type I. (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) The predetermined technical target of the large cavity press process for large cavity presses.
From July to December 1997, there were six I-type (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) large-cavity presses installed in the laboratory of the Yellow River Technology Center. These six units are equipped with more sophisticated computer intelligent control. system. The diamond synthesis process of Ф30 synthesis chamber and Ф33 synthesis chamber was carried out on these six presses for further medium-term tests, which is the diamond scale with I-type (Φ400-bore, 6×13.5 MN) large-cavity press as the main body. The industrialization of production has laid the foundation.
On October 28, 1997, the "UDS-I type (Φ400 bore, 6 × 13.5MN) six-face high-pressure synthesis device and its diamond synthesis process" passed the provincial technical appraisal. In the development process of the entire UDS-I type (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) six-face high-pressure synthesis device and its diamond synthesis process, Huanghe Company obtained 6 patents in technology and obtained 4 technologies at provincial and ministerial levels. Achievements and Science and Technology Progress Awards.
Subsequently, Huanghe Company carried out the industrialization of large-scale diamond production with I-type (Φ400-bore, 6×13.5MN) large-cavity press as the main body. By the end of 1998, 100 UDS-I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) six-face presses were installed. The diamond production scale of the Yellow River Company reached an annual output of more than 70 million carats. By the end of 1999, 100 UDS-I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) six-face presses were installed, which increased the diamond production scale of the Yellow River to an annual output of 150 million carats.
In the development of Type I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) large-cavity press activities, three major technologies and theories have been applied and developed, laying a technical foundation for the future development of China's six-face press. .
First, the structural rigid design idea of ​​the six-face press was established and developed. It is pointed out that not only the structural rigidity of the equipment should be improved, but also the coordination of the structural deformation should be considered, so as to ensure the dynamic alignment of the equipment, improve the stability of the equipment pressure and the reliability of the equipment operation. According to this idea, the pinning 12 chain connecting mechanism of the press, the six-cylinder Unicom oil supply mechanism, and the pressurizing mechanism are improved and developed.
The second is to establish and develop the intelligent automatic computer control idea of ​​the six-face press. It is pointed out that the dynamic follow-up control of the process curve is used to coordinate the pressure and temperature of each synthetic growth stage of the diamond, thereby stabilizing the diamond growth environment, improving the accuracy of equipment control and the flexibility of equipment operation. According to this idea, the equipment realizes the man-machine dialogue operation interface mainly based on monochrome display for the first time, the pressure closed-loop continuous control with 0.1MPa control precision for continuously adjusting the flow rate of small oil pump by DC motor, and the continuous adjustment heating with constant power supply. Temperature closed-loop continuous control of 1W control accuracy of power, process display screen based on 6 curves (set pressure, operating pressure, set power, operating power, operating voltage, running current) and pre-stored 4 synthetic processes Automatic tracking of intelligent control systems.
The third is to establish and develop the design concept of composite pressure-transfer insulation composite cavity. It is pointed out that it is necessary not only to improve the continuous pressure transfer of the synthetic cavity for a long time, but also to consider the uniformity of temperature, thereby ensuring a good production environment of diamond and increasing the production of high-grade diamond. According to this idea, the pyrophyllite composite block technology has been further developed.
Fourth, the improvement of large cavity press technology has promoted the development of multi-species of large cavity presses.
In August 1998, Huanghe Company organized the research and development of type II (Φ450 bore, 6×20MN) computer intelligent control of large cavity presses. Cao Qingzhong is the technical person in charge of the project and undertakes the design and production of the upgraded intelligent control system for the press; Professor Xia Hengqing and Liu Jianjian undertake the design of the press; Chen Chaojie is responsible for equipment manufacturing, machining and on-site assembly. Tan Zhongjun engineer is responsible for the design of the design and synthesis process of the åˆæˆ45 synthesis cavity.
In April 1999, Huanghe Company completed the installation and debugging of type II (Φ450 bore, 6×20MN) computer intelligent control large cavity press, and successfully carried out the test of Ф45 synthesis cavity.
Subsequently, Huanghe Company carried out the industrialization of the large-diameter synthesis process of type II diamond. By July 2000, 220 UDS-II (Φ450 bore, 6×20MN) six-face presses were installed. The diamond production scale of the Yellow River Company reached an annual output of 450 million carats.
Compared with the type I press, the type II press has better mechanical stability, indicating that the press has the potential to be further enlarged. At the same time, the computer intelligent control system is further upgraded, the operation record function is added, and the display screen is mainly based on the color display screen. The reliability and flexible operation are higher, especially the addition of the resistance curve, which reflects the cavity in the diamond synthesis process. The dynamics of the body provides a technical basis for the development of the diamond synthesis process. Because the small oil pump can not establish the protective oil film at low speed and often damages, the pressure closed-loop control becomes the intermittent control of driving the small oil pump, and the pressure control accuracy is reduced to 0.2 MPa, but the normal synthesis of diamond can be guaranteed.
In October 1999, Huanghe Company organized the research and development of type III (Φ630 bore, 6×28.5MN) computer intelligent control of large cavity presses. Cao Qingzhong is the technical person in charge of the project and undertakes the design and production of the upgraded intelligent control system for the press; Liu Jianjie is responsible for the design of the press; Chen Chaojie is responsible for equipment manufacturing, machining and on-site assembly; The military engineer is responsible for the design of the design and synthesis process of the åˆæˆ45 synthesis chamber.
In September 2000, Huanghe Company completed the installation and commissioning of the type III (Φ630 bore, 6×28.5MN) computer intelligent control large cavity press, and successfully carried out the test of the Ф60 synthetic cavity.
Due to the limitations of domestic machining and large top hammers, Huanghe Company completed the installation and commissioning of six Type III (Φ630 bore, 6×28.5MN) presses and did not continue its industrialization work.
In the development process of the large six-face press machine of Huanghe Company, the cooperation of Luoyang Locomotive, Yizhong, Erzhong, Guilin Metallurgy and other press production units was obtained. At the same time, they and other domestic six-face press manufacturers also actively developed. New press models. Since 2000, a relatively large-scale six-face press with Φ460 bore, Φ500 bore and Φ520 bore has been put on the market. Therefore, since 2001, Huanghe has begun to choose a mature market when the diamond scale is expanded. Large six-sided press.
V. Some thoughts
At present, China's diamond industry is basically a large-scale six-sided top press-based production system, and diamond production has reached more than 11 billion carats per year, which shocked the world. China is a big diamond producer, but it is still not a world power. On the one hand, China's diamonds are sold to foreign countries at low prices. On the other hand, China's diamonds are imported from foreign countries at a high price. This situation deserves our deep thought. In order to realize our "Diamond Power Dream" at an early date, I believe that the following two successful experiences of the Yellow River Company in the development and industrialization of large cavity presses are worth learning from the diamond industry:
1. I met a chairman of Qiao Jinling, a private entrepreneur with “Development Strategy Thinking of Diamond Industryâ€.
He "dare to fight for the world first." In the first technological innovation of the Yellow River Company, the introduction of diamond terrazzo technology, greatly promote the development of domestic diamond production and the second technological innovation in the Yellow River Company, the introduction of foreign diamond high-grade tools, and greatly promote the demand for high-grade diamonds. Chairman Qiao Jinling was far-sighted and saw the future development trend of diamonds and established a ambition to compete for the top three in the diamond world.
He is "infective and cohesive." He often said, "Without world-class talents, it is impossible to become a world-class enterprise." He always insists that "science and technology are the primary productive forces" and always insists that "technological innovation is always the soul of enterprises", respecting knowledge and respect. Talents, adhere to the development path of "production, learning, research". The biggest contribution of Chairman Qiao Jinling is to gather a large number of domestic experts and scholars to work together to achieve the "Diamond Powerful Dream".
He is a "blueprint designer of diamond development". With his rigorous and meticulous work attitude, he personally led the team to go abroad for diamond technology with the spirit of "everything in every possible way, thousands of words, thousands of words, hard work and hardship". During the inspection, I met with domestic and foreign technical experts and personally organized experts and scholars in the industry to discuss the topic for more than three months. Chairman Qiao Jinling and experts and scholars have worked together to develop a practical Chinese diamond development plan, which is the wealth of the Chinese diamond industry.
At the end of 1999, Huanghe Company completed the industrialization of 200 UDS-I (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) six-face presses, and the diamond production scale of the Yellow River reached an annual output of 150 million carats. Dean Chen Qiwu said with emotion "This kind of big project usually takes 5 years from project establishment to industrialization. It takes only one and a half years to go to the 'Yellow River'. This is a miracle! It is made by a private enterprise and a private entrepreneur. miracle!"
2. Converging the highest wisdom of all experts and scholars in the Chinese diamond industry.
Since the first diamond was synthesized in China in 1963, after many years of efforts, many scientific experts and technicians have carried out extensive exploration and research on diamond synthesis technology, and have achieved many technological achievements. These technological achievements began in 1994. The research and development of the large-scale development of the six-sided top press in China laid the foundation. In 1996, more than 30 technical experts gathered in Zhengzhou, and everyone unselfishly integrated many technical achievements into the large-scale development of the six-sided top press, which effectively guaranteed the successful development of this large-scale technology, and now has more than 4,000 large-scale pressures. Machine, the annual output of more than 11 billion carats of diamonds.
China's diamond large-scale press technology is now mature. With more than 10 years of development of large-scale presses, the Chinese diamond industry has achieved many technical achievements and accumulated richer experience. It can be believed that as long as the industry colleagues unite as one, stand Considering the interests of the Chinese nation, gathering the wisdom of the Chinese diamond industry and working together, the current situation of "low-cost exports, high-priced imports" will certainly be broken, and China's diamonds will certainly be strong. (Author: former director of the National Technology Center Yellow River Caoqing Zhong, this digest "China superhard materials industry fifty years")
Cao Qingzhong: The foundation for the vigorous development of China's diamond industry
Abstract 1. The large-scale application of diamond in the construction and stone industry has stimulated the research and development of large-cavity presses since the 1985 Huangge Abrasives Factory of Huangge County has been the first diamond terrazzo machine and synthetic diamond grinding disc products in China. Diamond in the construction industry...
1. The large-scale application of diamond in the construction and stone industry has stimulated the research and development of large cavity presses.