Coping methods for ruminants that prohibit the use of animal-derived feed ingredients

What are the coping methods for ruminants that prohibit the use of animal-derived feed ingredients?

A: The ban on animal-derived feed ingredients should be addressed with the idea of ​​open source and thrifty:

1. Vigorously develop other protein resources

1) Make full use of high quality plant protein resources

Such as the use of vegetable oils and legumes in the formula, vegetable oils and legumes such as soybeans, whole grain cotton

Seeds, peas, and broad beans have unique nutritional characteristics, and the rational use of these materials in the formula can improve

The production performance of ruminants. Whole soybeans can be mostly processed to eliminate raw soybeans after hot processing such as roasting

The heat-sensitive anti-nutritional factor reduces the rumen degradation rate of raw soybean protein and increases the amino acid in soybean

Utilization in the small intestine of ruminants. In addition, due to the high oil content in soybeans, most of them can pass the rumen.

Therefore, it is also a good source of ruminal fat. Research by researchers has shown that feeding early lactating cows

Puffed soybeans can increase the average daily milk yield of dairy cows by 2.9 kg. Whole cottonseed can be fed directly to the anti-smashing

Good for ruminal protein and fat in high-yield dairy cows during peak milking and summer heat stress

source.

2) Vigorously develop high quality insect protein resources

Insect source feed protein has the advantages of wide source, rich nutrition and low price. Common insect source

The feed protein includes Tenebrio molitor, fly maggot powder, silkworm cocoon powder, etc., such as the yellow mealworm has the "king of animal protein feed"

The protein content of its larvae, pupa and adults is 47.7%~54.3%, 55.2%~58.7%, 63.2%~

64.3%, the protein content of defatted powder is as high as 66%, and the crude fat content is 28.9% to 37.6%,

26.86% to 30.4%, 17.1% to 19.3%, containing essential amino acids in 16 animals, of which lysine content

Others are 3.1% to 3.5%, 3.6% to 3.7%, 3.4% to 3.9%, and the methionine content is 0.4% to 0.9%, respectively.

0.5% to 1.0%, and rich in various mineral elements such as P, K, F, Na, and Ca. In addition, it should be fully developed

And use high-quality protein resources such as yeast and yeast cultures and snail proteins.

2. Give full play to the role of feed processing technology

1) Puffing technology

Puffing technology is a relatively advanced feed processing method. During the processing, due to high temperature and high pressure,

It can make starch in the feed gelatinize and combine with protein, which can improve energy utilization and reduce protein in tumor

The rate of degradation of the stomach increases the utilization of protein and is higher than the effect of high temperature. Research proves that with the expansion temperature

The degree of rumen degradation of soy protein is linearly reduced, and the temperature of the processed soybean is 160 °C.

The gastric protein is 69.6%, while the raw soybean is only 15.9%, and the expanded soybean has a very good amino acidization rate. use

Puffing technology, at a temperature of 130 ° C, can make the small intestine of the vegetable stalk available nitrogen per kilogram before processing

208 grams increased to 288 grams, rumen protein degradation rate decreased from 65% to 35%; at the same time, extrusion

It can also destroy anti-nutritional areas and toxic substances in plant proteins, improve feed utilization, and improve animal life.

Production level. Studies have shown that with a single screw machine at 121 ° C temperature, puffed commercial soybeans can be inactivated 70

More than % trypsin inhibitor and all lectins. Studies have shown that: puffed cotton can make cotton in the middle of the swim

The content of gossypol decreased from 0.91% to 0.021%. Feeding cows with expanded cotton can significantly increase milk yield and

Feed utilization.

2) Heat treatment

Heating is an effective method to protect the gluten-feed protein from the rumen. The eggs in the feed can be made by heating

White matter degeneration, which causes the hydrophobic gene to be more exposed to the surface of the protein molecule, thereby reducing the solubility of the protein.

Reduce the degradation rate of protein in the rumen and increase the utilization of protein. Research shows: untreated soybean meal

The protein rumen degradation rate is 49.53%, after heat treatment temperature (°C × 45 minutes) 75 ° C, 100 ° C,

After 125 ° C and 150 ° C, the rumen degradation rate of soybean meal protein was 45.06%, 41.01%, 37.56%,

23.95%, indicating that heating can significantly reduce the rumen degradation rate of soybean meal protein; non-degradation by enzymatic hydrolysis

Protein digestibility, when digested at 100 ° C, the digestibility of non-degraded protein is significantly lower than untreated

(P<0.05), the difference in digestibility between non-degraded protein at 100 °C and 125 °C was not significant (P>0.05);

The digestibility of non-degraded protein at °C and 100 °C and 125 °C was significantly different (P<0.05), indicating that soybean meal was

It is advisable to treat at 150 ° C for 45 minutes.

3. Formaldehyde treatment

Formaldehyde treatment is one of the common methods to protect plant proteins from the rumen. Formaldehyde and protein are formed.

Reacts to form a reversible bridge in an acidic solution, reducing the degradation rate of protein in the rumen and increasing protein

Utilization. The researchers treated the bean cake with 2 g/kg dry matter formaldehyde and 10 hours of rumen dry matter drop.

The solution rate decreased from 87.19% to 60.93% (when the moisture content of the bean cake was 14%) and 56.29% (the moisture content of the bean cake)

At 18%, the degradation rate of crude protein decreased from 87.69% to 48.36% and 43.43%, respectively. along with

The increase in the amount of formaldehyde, the degradation rate of dry matter and crude protein can be further reduced, but the decrease is reduced.

The researchers treated with formaldehyde to reduce the degradation rate of cottonseed cake, flax cake and sunflower cake protein in the rumen, 0.7

The concentration of formaldehyde treatment is suitable, does not affect the feed intake, and protects the protein safely, effectively, and without adverse effects. A

Aldehyde treatment can increase the rate of nitrogen deposition in the body (P<0.05), reduce the concentration of NH3-N in the rumen, and reduce the urinary nitrogen excretion.

The yield (P<0.05) increased the utilization of digestible nitrogen, thereby increasing the utilization of protein feed by sheep.

Increase weight gain and achieve greater economic benefits.

4. Use of feed additives

Use a small amount of rumen-protected amino acids instead of a significant amount of rumen non-degradable protein, for example,

50 grams of rumen-protected amino acids can replace 500 grams of blood meal and meat and bone meal. Dry matter intake in the two groups and

The milk yield is similar. Reasonable addition of rumen-protected amino acids in feed can completely replace essential amino acids.

Passing rumen protein can also increase milk production and milk fat percentage, reduce dietary protein levels and feed costs.

It is generally believed that the optimum time for adding rumen amino acids is from 2 weeks to 3 weeks before delivery to 150 days during lactation.

In addition, various urease inhibitors can be utilized to increase the utilization of various non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds, thereby

Meet the body's protein needs.

5. Make full use of good quality roughage

High quality roughage is an irreplaceable ingredient in ruminant diets. A large number of experimental studies have shown that if quality is used

Excellent alfalfa hay, leguminous and gramineous mixed loquat hay and corn silage, ratio of concentrate to roughage

Maintaining at 3:7 still allows the cow to maintain a milk production of 8,000 kg throughout the lactation period. this means

Can reduce the amount of concentrate, as long as the use of good plant protein materials in the formula, to meet its rumen

The need for protein reduces the dependence on animal proteins.