Fertilization characteristics of water-soluble fertilizer and reasonable use

The advantages and disadvantages of water-soluble fertilizers are outstanding, the use of technology is more complicated, and the dependence on artificially regulated fertilization technology is much greater than other fertilizers. Therefore, rational application is very important and must be controlled with precision. To this end, experts are invited to conduct analysis and guidance for farmers' reference.

The physical properties of water-soluble fertilizers are high solubility and fast dissolution. For the nutritional characteristics of crops: First, the fertilizer efficiency is fast; second, the fertilizer and water supply. Fertilization and irrigation are bundled together. These two influence each other. They may promote each other and may restrict each other. It is more effective to rely more on human coordination. Therefore, the application technology of water-soluble fertilizer is more complicated than conventional fertilizer. The supply from the root is called fertigation, and the supply from the root is called foliar fertilization. The fertilization by different irrigation methods has different requirements on the composition and quality of the fertilizer, and should be used reasonably.

Water-soluble fertilizer is mainly used as a top dressing, using a small number of multiple use principles. It is not suitable for base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be made of slow-acting organic fertilizer and conventional solid compound fertilizer. A growth cycle of crops can be divided into sowing-seedling-trophic growth period-reproductive growth period-harvest period. The demand for water and fertilizer in different stages has its own characteristics, and the crop irrigation period is the fertilization period. It is technically strong to determine the ratio of nutrient distribution, fertilizer form and quantity to be applied to different crops during different fertigation periods. It is related to whether the effect of fertilizer can reach a certain level and whether the theoretical cost performance can be achieved. Especially in the horticultural production of facilities, under the conditions of manual control and cultivation, the technical requirements for water and fertilizer regulation are higher, and automation control is required.

The application of water-soluble fertilizers depends on the irrigation system, and the two must form a complementary relationship. Different irrigation systems have significant differences in the quality requirements for water-soluble fertilizers. Therefore, water-soluble fertilizer products should be distinguished into different categories, which is beneficial to consumers' choice of suitable products and enterprise differentiated ingredients, production, reasonable pricing and market development and promotion. At present, there are four types of water-soluble fertilizer products in the market. One is conventional ground irrigation fertilizer, including flushing and fertilizing; the second is pipeline irrigation fertilizer (such as water spray belt fertilization), sprinkler fertilization; the third is micro-irrigation fertilizer. (including drip irrigation, infiltration, etc.); Fourth, water-soluble fertilizer applied outside the root (including leaf surface, soaking seeds, etc.). Corresponding differences in the quality level and price positioning of various types of water-soluble fertilizer products are more conducive to market operation and the choice of farmers' consumers. Therefore, the development of water-soluble fertilizer products market should take the road of differentiation and standardization, and then promote and apply it quickly and healthily.

The characteristics of water-soluble fertilizers determine that the application method must use precise fertilization. The water-soluble fertilizer is supplied to the crop in a timely and appropriate amount according to the demand pattern of nutrient in the crop stage. If the supply is not enough to reduce the quality of production, and if the supply is excessive, the risk will be great, the lighter will reduce the quality of the product, the cost will increase, and the serious result will be caused by the secondary salinization of the farmland and the deterioration of soil quality. At present, the characteristics and application techniques of water-soluble fertilizers from peasant consumers to grassroots agricultural technicians are not comprehensive enough in terms of understanding, and the application methods are also extensive. Some enterprises have made some efforts to consumers because of excessive pursuit of commercial profits. Inappropriate recommendations, such as recommending a farmer with 25 kg of ammonium nitrate and 20 kg of potassium sulphate. Once the farmers have applied them in such an excessive way for a long time, they will cause problems such as low utilization rate and poor comprehensive effects. All of these will eventually ruin the vitality of water-soluble fertilizer development.

Therefore, the market development of water-soluble fertilizer products should take the road of differentiation and standardization. In the promotion and application, it is necessary to strengthen the pre-sale and after-sale agrochemical services for water-soluble fertilizer products. Enterprises and the government must work together. Only in this way can they be faster. Promote applications healthily.

(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University, Cao Yiping)