Elevator fixtures
Elevator fixtures are the set of buttons, floor indicators, hall lanterns and other things for elevators.
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Low level of domestically produced tools Mechanical Weekly: With the development of CNC high-speed cutting technology, China's automotive, aerospace, mold, energy, transportation, military and other industries have introduced a large number of foreign advanced processing equipment. With the introduction of these processing equipment, a large number of advanced cutting technology has been applied. Can you talk about the demand for high-end tools in China?
Luo Defu: Taking the aviation industry as an example, there are currently difficult-to-cut materials parts represented by titanium-based and nickel-based alloy parts. The processing characteristics of such parts are large cutting force, high cutting temperature, severe work hardening and sticking, and easy wear of the tool. In addition, in recent years, there has also been a structure on a passenger airliner that uses a super large integral wing structural component instead of a wing assembly or even a component. These parts need to use solid aluminum alloy materials, and use high-speed cutting machining with CNC machine tools, so that the parts can be deformed small and improved. In the past few years, the four main engine factories of China's aviation industry have imported hundreds of high-speed machine tools from abroad. However, due to the incompatibility of tool technology and high-speed machining technology, the spindle speed actually used by most equipment is only about 10000r/min. Can fully utilize the advanced performance of the equipment. Taking Chengdu Aircraft Manufacturing Company as an example, the domestically produced tools used by the company can only be used at a spindle speed of 6000r/min or less. When the spindle speed is 15000r/min, all imported tools must be used, and imported tools are expensive and have long delivery time, which seriously affects Production.
Mechanical Weekly: Tool technology plays a very important role in the development of high-speed cutting technology. What types of knives are currently suitable for high speed cutting?
Rodford: First, all kinds of coated carbide tools, that is, coating on the alloy tool to enhance durability; second, ceramic tools; third, super-hard material tools, such as CBN tools and diamond tools.
Insufficient investment is the main cause Mechanical Weekly: The status quo of China's tool industry has seriously restricted the development of the equipment manufacturing industry. What do you think are the main reasons? Luo Defu: First of all, the investment in the tool industry is seriously insufficient. Now the development of the tool industry should be "high starting point, large investment, large-scale, internationalization." The international tool giants have more assets than the host companies. China's tool industry should form a small and strong enterprise, and most enterprises have a small and specialized pattern. The investment scale of a few “leaders†companies should be around RMB 1 billion to RMB 1.5 billion. Without such a large investment, it is impossible to build a modern tool enterprise.
Secondly, it is hoped that the state will encourage strategic venture capital to enter the tool industry and promote the development of the tool industry from a policy perspective. Without the support of such strategic venture capital, China's tool industry cannot be strong, and it is impossible to form a strong support for the development of modern manufacturing.
Third, the unregulated market environment leads to vicious competition for inferior and low-priced products. At present, some places do not pay attention to standardizing the market order, putting the country's resource policies, industrial policies, and environmental policies aside, resulting in vicious competition for inferior and low-cost knives. The total amount of low-grade tool products is out of control, shoddy, and counterfeit and inferior. This practice of obtaining short-term benefits at the expense of resources and harming the environment is contrary to the development trend of the international tool industry, which has a negative impact on the healthy development of China's tool industry.
Several policy recommendations Mechanical Weekly: Formulate the development strategy of revitalizing the cutting tool industry, create a standardized and orderly market environment for enterprises, and narrow the gap between China's tool industry and foreign countries as soon as possible. What measures do you think should be taken?
Rodford: First of all, cancel the tax rebate on the export of low-end tools. The main materials for manufacturing tools, high-speed steel and hard alloy, are made of metal tungsten as the main raw material. Tungsten resources are a scarce resource in the world, but China's reserves are the world's first. Some people think that it is not necessary to export low-grade knives because China has abundant tungsten resources. However, industry experts believe that in order to adhere to the "sustainable development" principle, the state should abolish the export tax rebate policy for low-end and low-priced tool products and protect the country's rare resources. In addition, after the cancellation of the tax rebate, these companies producing low-grade knives, because they are unprofitable and even losing money, will switch to other products or produce higher-grade knives.
Secondly, it is suggested that the state's tax incentives for mass production of CNC machine tools enterprises are equally applicable to tool companies that are used for CNC machine tools. The state must also pay attention to key tool enterprises in the arrangement of national debt technical reform funds.
Third, establish a linkage mechanism to build a technology platform for the tool industry to provide complete services for the manufacturing industry. While introducing advanced equipment or production lines, China has never paid attention to the domestic supporting problems of cutting tools. China should establish a linkage mechanism between tool companies and manufacturing enterprises as soon as possible, and simultaneously carry out tool research, technical reserve and technological transformation.
Fourth, initially establish an independent development system for advanced CNC tools. Compared with the multinational tool group, China's tool companies have great gaps in product development capabilities, process development methods, and equipment development methods. On the basis of recognizing these gaps, we should set the development goals realistically, give full play to their characteristics, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, accurately locate, and choose a reasonable development model.
Luo Defu: China's domestic tools need to increase investment
High-precision, high-efficiency, high-reliability tools are 80% dependent on imports, while the production capacity of low-end tools is seriously over-supplied. This is the current status of China's machine tool industry. So how can we change this situation? This reporter of Mechanical Weekly interviewed Luo Defu, director of the Tooling Branch of China Machine Tool Industry Association and director of Chengdu Tool Research Institute.