Shot peening - effective measures to deal with failure of high strength leaf spring


The main role of the spring in the service process is cushioning, damping, energy storage, coupling, sealing and transmitting force and torque. The automobile is the main application industry of springs, and the application of leaf springs is the largest. At present, a few leaf springs composed of one or two or three longitudinal variable-section springs have been widely used in foreign industrialized countries to replace the conventional longitudinal cross-section multi-plate springs. Because the small leaf spring has the advantages of small number of pieces, light weight and good smoothness, it can realize the light weight of the automobile and improve the performance of the whole vehicle, and has been gradually adopted in domestic automobiles. Since the design stress of the small leaf spring is significantly larger than that of the conventional multi-blade spring, the design stress of the multi-chip spring usually does not exceed 900 MPa, and the design stress of the small leaf spring reaches 1100 MPa. Therefore, if the key process of the leaf spring production is improved, the fatigue life and stability of the leaf spring are further improved, which becomes a new subject. According to the survey of the top 50 automotive spring parts manufacturers at home and abroad, shot peening has been considered to be the most cost-effective measure to improve the fatigue strength of the leaf spring and ensure the stability of the fatigue life index.

The causes of early failure of springs vary, regardless of machining reasons and heat treatment factors, resulting in poor spring toughness, unsatisfactory hardness, low strength or overheated defect structures. Strengthening is an effective and critical remediation process. Practice has proved that correct strengthening energy Greatly improve the fatigue life of parts.

The specially designed leaf spring stress-strengthening equipment of Wheelabrator (Group) uses a continuous-passing shot peening equipment to perform a separate strengthening treatment on the leaf springs to expose the geometrical concave surface of the leaf spring to the high-speed pellet flow. A typical model consists of a throwing head for projecting the top of the leaf spring, with a throwing head on the side and spraying the left and right sides of the leaf spring.

The standard leaf spring reinforcement unit has a 10 ft/min pass rate. If a higher production speed is required, the number of throws can be increased and the motor frequency can be adjusted. Under working conditions, the leaf spring is repeatedly affected by uniaxial bending stress and is therefore sometimes stress-strengthened. In the strengthening process, the simulated leaf spring will be subjected to "stress strengthening" in the future use, so that it can be shot peened while applying a "static stress" in the direction of the load. After the strengthening is completed, the applied static stress is released. Experiments have shown that stress strengthening can extend the service life of leaf springs more than conventional strengthening.

Enhancing the controllability, repeatability, and consistency of the enhanced results is a key factor in judging a set of enhanced equipment. It is a highly quantitative process that is determined by the part design engineer based on the expected fatigue life, such as strength, coverage, even the size of the pellet, hardness, nozzle angle, and pill jet velocity. The strength can be measured by the Almen test piece and the saturation curve is drawn accordingly; the coverage is obtained by X-ray diffractometer; the control of the size of the pellet requires a high quality pellet screening and filtration system to ensure the size of the medium. Uniform; the jet velocity and strength of the pellet flow are precisely controlled via the adjustment of the compressed air pressure; All controls are monitored and reported simultaneously via a closed loop return system.

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