Overview: General CNC Machine Tools (2)

5, with tool life management function

The CNC machine tools that make up FMC and FMS have a tool life management function that counts the cutting time of each tool. When a given tool durability is achieved, the worn tool is automatically replaced and replaced with a spare tool.

6, with communication function

Modern CNC machine tools generally have a communication interface, which can realize communication between the upper computer and the CNC machine tool, and can also realize data communication between several CNC machine tools, and can also directly control several CNC machine tools. The communication function is a prerequisite for realizing DNC, FMC, and FMS.

1 a block diagram of the basic components of the numerical control apparatus in FIG.

Figure 1 is a basic block diagram of the numerical control device, where 1 is the pattern of the machined part, as the raw data of the numerical control device, 2 is the programming part, 3 is the control medium, also called the information carrier, usually with punched paper tape, tape A floppy disk or optical disk is used as a medium for describing control commands. The control medium stores all the operational information required to machine the part, which is the only instruction information used by the numerical control system to command and control the machining movement of the equipment. However, in the modern CAD/CAM system, the results of the computer-aided design and the automatically programmed program can be post-processed without the control of the medium, and directly input into the numerical control device.

The 4 in Figure 1 is the numerical control system, which is the core part of the CNC machine tool. The function of the numerical control system is to control the machine tool operation after processing and calculation according to the information input by the receiving medium. According to the hardware and software components of the CNC system, it can be divided into hard-wire numerical control and soft-wire numerical control. The traditional numerical control system (the core digital control device of the system) is a random logic circuit composed of various logic components and memory components. It is a hardware structure using fixed wiring. The numerical control function is realized by hardware. It is hardware CNC.

With the development of semiconductor technology and computer technology, microprocessors and microcomputers have enhanced functions and prices, digital control devices have evolved into computer numerical control (Computer Numerical Contro1) devices, so-called CNC devices, which are implemented by software. Or all CNC functions. The CNC system is composed of programs, input and output devices, computer digital control devices, programmable controllers (PC or programmable logic controller PLC), spindle control unit and speed control unit, as shown in Figure 2. In the CNC system, the programmable controller PC is an industrial computer designed for industrial applications. It uses a programmable memory that stores user-executable instructions that perform specific functions such as logic operations, sequence control, timing, counting, and arithmetic operations, and controls various types of digital and analog inputs and outputs. Mechanical or production process. PC has become an indispensable control device for CNC machine tools. CNC and PC (PLC) coordinate and coordinate to complete the control of CNC machine tools, among which CNC mainly completes functions related to digital calculation and management, such as editing of part program, interpolation operation, decoding, position servo control and so on. The PC mainly performs some actions related to the logic operation. Without the specific requirements on the track, it accepts the sequence control information of the CNC control code M (auxiliary function), S (spindle speed), T (selection knife, tool change), etc. It decodes and converts it into corresponding control, and the control auxiliary device completes the corresponding switching action of the machine tool, such as workpiece clamping, tool replacement, cutting fluid switch and other auxiliary actions. It also accepts the instructions of the machine operation panel. The aspect directly controls the movement of the machine tool, and on the other hand sends a part of the instructions to the CNC for control of the machining process.

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