Quartz glass optical properties

Quartz glass exhibits remarkable optical properties, making it an ideal material for a wide range of applications. It allows transmission across the far-ultraviolet spectrum, outperforming all other UV-transparent materials, and also offers excellent transparency in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Users can choose from a broad wavelength range of 185 to 3500 nm, depending on their specific needs. In addition to its optical performance, quartz glass is known for its high thermal resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and strong chemical stability. These characteristics make it highly suitable for use in demanding environments.

The spectral transmittance of quartz glass is influenced by several factors, including its internal structure, impurity levels, and the presence of hydroxyl (OH) groups, as well as nitrogen (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and other elements. For instance, oxygen atom defects can cause an absorption peak at 0.24 μm, while OH groups result in a significant absorption peak at 2.7 μm. Additionally, metal impurities contribute to reduced ultraviolet transmittance through atomic absorption effects.

Understanding the spectral characteristics of quartz glass is essential for optimizing its use in optical systems. The material's performance varies based on how it is manufactured. Fused silica, for example, is an excellent infrared transparent material but often has limited ultraviolet transmission due to impurities. When produced using an oxyhydrogen flame, it may develop an absorption peak at 0.24 μm and contain OH groups, which negatively affect infrared transmission. However, high-purity optical quartz glass made from synthetic raw materials is the best choice for UV transmission, though it still shows a strong absorption peak at 2.7 μm.

Only quartz glass that is produced through electrofusion or hydrogen-free flame melting can maintain a continuous transmission range from the far-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, making it the most versatile and reliable optical material for advanced applications.

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