Technical advice on high-temperature field management of rice defense in the Yangtze River Basin

At present, the middle season indica rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has entered the jointing period, some rapeseed and early cropping season indica rice is already at the jointing booting stage, the first season japonica rice is at the tillering stage, and the double season late rice is at the seedling raising stage; Indica rice is in the booting stage to the initial panicle stage, and the mid-season indica rice at a lower altitude has successively entered the filling stage of Yanghua. According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory, in the next 10 days, high temperature weather of 35 ℃ -37 ℃ with duration of 4-7 days will occur in Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan, eastern Sichuan Basin and other places. The highest temperature in some areas can reach 38 ℃ -40 ℃. In view of the current climate and the characteristics of rice growth, the Rice Experts Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, put forward technical advice on high-temperature field management of rice defense in the Yangtze River Basin.

One is to adjust the temperature with water to prevent high temperature and heat damage. For the mid-season rice from tillering to jointing stage, the plant's own transpiration physiological cooling capacity should be exerted, and 2-4 cm water layer and alternating wet and dry gaps should be irrigated; for the mid-season rice from booting to the flowering period, if it lasts above 35 ℃ In high-temperature weather, the field should maintain 8-10 cm water layer to reduce the temperature of the canopy and leaves. If necessary, it can be sprayed with clear water to cool down around noon; for drought-stricken areas, water should be actively diverted and promptly replenished to improve irrigation efficiency and promote rice growth Development; for double-season late rice seedling field, water management should be strengthened, where conditions permit, daily irrigation and drainage can be adopted to accelerate water circulation, adjust temperature, promote the steady growth of seedlings, and ensure transplanting water.

The second is to apply good spike fertilizer to enhance plant resistance. For the field with proper stem and tiller numbers and normal leaf color, apply ear fertilizer twice in the four-leaf and three-leaf period. The nitrogen application rate is 40% -50% of the total nitrogen application rate for the japonica varieties. The indica type Variety is 30% -40%; for fields where the number of stems and tillers in the group is small and the leaf color is early yellow, the amount of nitrogen applied is appropriately increased by 10% -30% to promote weak and strong; for the group, the number of stems and tillers is too large, the leaves Fields with darker colors and scattered leaves are applied or not applied due to seedling reduction in the inverted 3 or 2 leaf stage; for areas where regenerated rice is stored, 10 kg of urea per mu is promoted about 10 days after the first season rice Germination of regenerated buds.

The third is foliar fertilizer spraying to mitigate the effects of high temperature. For the first season of regenerated rice or mid-season rice from heading to full ear, foliar application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be taken after high temperature. Generally, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 3% calcium superphosphate solution is used for foliar application Spraying can enhance the stress resistance of rice, reduce the harm of high temperature, promote grain filling, improve seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight; for fields with low seed setting rate in the later period, if the next crop is allowed, nitrogen fertilizer can be properly applied to promote low-level dormancy Buds tiller into ears to make up for yield loss.

Fourth, unified prevention and control, strict control of pests and diseases. Strengthen the forecast of disease and insect conditions, accurately grasp the dynamics of disease and insect occurrence. During the critical period before and after the heading stage, focus on the prevention and control of rice planthoppers, rice leaf roller borer, rice blast, rice smut and sheath blight, vigorously promote professional unified control, improve green control and reduce pesticides Dosage to reduce the loss of pests.

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