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"Obviously, the domestically produced tools are still far behind the development of the machine tool host, so it is the best-selling situation of the current knife." On May 19, Xing Min, chairman of the China Machinery Industry Metal Cutting Tool Technology Association, was interviewed by the China Industrial News reporter. Say.
An Deyi Tianjian crosses the sea and whales
Nowadays, the "Three Kingdoms" is broadcasted, and the shadows of the screens are constantly changing. In fact, the tool is on the machine tool, just like the weapon is in the military commander.
Xing Min said: "The tool is an important factor in the machine tool. It takes up a small proportion of the overall cost of the machine tool, but the impact ratio on the machine tool processing is quite different from the overall cost of the machine tool."
Due to the long-term dependence on imports, the gap between domestic CNC tools and imported tools in terms of technology, service, quality and publicity, domestic customers have very low trust in domestic CNC tools.
OEMs often prefer to spend heavily on imports rather than risk saving money to buy domestic knives. After all, hundreds of thousands or even thousands of yuan of CNC machine tools, tens of dollars, hundreds of dollars of hourly lost work costs and tool acquisition costs, the gap is very large. If you don't have full control, most users prefer to import tools.
“Automotive manufacturers and aerospace companies are typical examples. Today, when domestically produced tools are not mature enough, they will hardly provide opportunities for domestic tools to be tested on CNC production lines.†Xing Min told reporters.
After joining the WTO, global procurement will enable foreign cutting tools to continue to enter the Chinese market, allowing customers to have more choices, and it is more difficult for domestic CNC tool manufacturers to develop.
At the same time, multinational corporations have listed the Chinese market as the global strategic development. They have set up factories in China in the form of sole proprietorship or holding, and integrated them into the production bases of the Group's functional components.
On the other hand, the price advantage of domestically produced tools is also at stake. Due to the impact of the international financial crisis, Taiwan's tool industry has lost more than 80%. As a result, they began to hit the mainland CNC tool market at a low price, and some tool prices were even lower than the price of domestic CNC tools. With the meager profit and low-cost strategy to squeeze the market, Taiwan's knives are known as the price killer in the CNC tool market.
Domestic knives can be described as internal and external.
The choice between high speed steel and hard alloy
Xing Min believes that structural imbalance is a major injury in the domestic tool industry, that is, the production of tools does not match the demand. The performance is as follows: the carbide tool has a large gap and the high-speed steel tool is overproduced.
China's current annual tool sales of 14.5 billion yuan, of which the proportion of cemented carbide tools is less than 25%, not only far from the international market tool product structure, but also can not meet the growing demand for cemented carbide tools in the domestic manufacturing industry.
Among the knives used in domestic manufacturing, the proportion of cemented carbide tools has reached more than 50%. The problem of disconnected supply and demand structure has been very serious. The consequence is that a large number of surplus high-speed steel tools are exported at low prices or sold domestically, while high-efficiency carbide tools But they have to rely on a lot of imports.
In developed countries, cemented carbide tools have now dominated the tool, accounting for 70%. High-speed steel tools are shrinking at a rate of 1% to 2% per year, and the current proportion has fallen below 30%.
China currently produces about 80,000 tons of high-speed steel, accounting for about 40% of the world's total output, and consumes a lot of rare resources such as tungsten and molybdenum. This blind expansion and low level of repetition have resulted in a large surplus of high-speed steel tools produced and have to be sold at low prices, resulting in a low profitability of a large number of tool manufacturers.
China's annual output of cemented carbide is 16,000 tons, which also accounts for about 40% of the global total. However, the highest added value of cutting inserts in cemented carbide products is only 3,000 tons, accounting for only 20%. This situation, on the one hand, causes insufficient supply of cemented carbide tools that are urgently needed in China, and on the other hand, the precious cemented carbide resources are not fully utilized.
In terms of economic benefits, China's annual sales revenue of cemented carbide is about 560 million US dollars; Japan is only 40% of China's output, but sales revenue is as high as 2.633 billion US dollars, of which the proportion of blades is as high as 72%, making resources fully utilized. Also achieved good results.
Experts believe that China's tool companies blindly and mass-produce high-speed steel knives and some low-grade standard knives, without considering the market saturation and corporate needs, and finally "high-value-added, high-tech content of the high-end tool market" Give way to foreign companies.
Core technology
From the development of machine tool industry in the advanced countries of the world, the machine tool industry in advanced countries has entered a high-tech, high-input, high-output era, and multinational companies are mostly developing and expanding themselves by utilizing global resources. The speed of new product development, product performance, brand, quality, cost and after-sales service have become the decisive factors for the success of international machine tool companies.
"The root of the gap between the overall strength of China's machine tool industry and the developed countries is the lack of core competitiveness." Xing Min told the China Industry News reporter.
The scale of production and operation of domestic CNC tool enterprises is too small, and there is no close integration of their own cutting tool industry chain. Especially the manufacturers of tool systems do not produce blades. Blade manufacturers do not produce tools. They rely almost entirely on suppliers. Strategic alliance of industrial technology innovation in the true sense.
The contribution rate of new products in developed countries is 52%, and China is only 5.9%. This has resulted in fewer products with core technologies of independent intellectual property rights and more cloned products. As a result, in addition to the weakening of independent innovation, it is also vulnerable to allegations of infringement.
Even if there is a self-developed technology, it is easy to be accused of "plagiarism."
CNC tools are technology-intensive, knowledge-intensive, and talent-intensive industries. Their development relies heavily on talents, especially when the company's production and operation scale is small. Domestic CNC tooling technical talents, management talents, marketing talents, and CNC machine tool operators are all scarce. The general training period is 3~5 years. However, colleges and universities do not take good responsibility in training CNC CNC machining and CNC tooling professionals. They all rely on the company to spend a long time to train, often with half the effort, and may not be able to retain talent.
The sales of cutting tools in China account for only 15% of the global total, fully reflecting the extensiveness of the industry and the serious waste of resources. Under the circumstances that the national economic construction requires the rapid development of the cutting tool industry and the national industrial policy requires high-tech knives to serve the Chinese equipment manufacturing industry, the tool industry is currently at a low level of expansion and extensive management. It is imperative to implement industrial restructuring. .
To speed up the pace of structural adjustment, resolve outstanding contradictions, and meet market demands, China's tool companies need continuous technological improvement from cutting speed, coating and structure of tools.
Equipment CNC production line should be all-round effort
High-grade standard tools used in the automotive and aerospace manufacturing industries include high-speed steel drill bits, carbide drills, broaches, carbide inserts, PCD\\CBN inserts, and some ceramic inserts. Xing Min said that as a tool manufacturer, the following points must be met to meet the needs of high-end products such as car manufacturers.
Maintain the advanced nature of tool technology. In general, a new engine part production plan will use advanced manufacturing techniques at the time, such as the use of superhard material tools, PCD tools, CBN tools and advanced coated tools to meet high-speed cutting, dry cutting, etc.; Efficient and high-precision cutting of parts, such as crankshaft journal milling and pull technology, composite cutting technology for connecting rods and cylinder head parts.
Guarantee the reliability and stability of the output of the tool products. The reliability and stability of tool product quality is the basic premise for building tool brand and user trust; car manufacturing is essentially mass production, and the reliability and stability of tool product quality are the basic requirements for mass production.
Tool products must have a high price/performance ratio. Shop around, except for quality and service. The high cost performance of tool products is a powerful guarantee for the cooperation with the OEM. How to find the balance between product price and performance and the win-win situation between tool manufacturers and manufacturing companies is a subject to be studied by both parties.
Tool manufacturers must have the ability to deliver on time. The fierce competitive environment of the car manufacturing industry forced it to do everything possible to reduce costs, continuously reduce various inventories, reduce capital occupation is the development trend; manufacturing enterprises reduce tool inventory, increase the frequency of turnover, and propose more timely supply of tool manufacturers. High requirements.
Tool manufacturers need to have a high ability to solve on-site cutting problems. A production line that has been put into production, along with the time, there will always be cutting problems that are not considered in the planning, such as changes in wool materials and technological transformation of equipment. If the tool manufacturer can help the manufacturing company solve the cutting problem encountered, it will undoubtedly greatly increase the user's trust in the tool brand. For example, when turning a crankshaft thrust stop, when machining a steel crankshaft, the tool durability is more than 500. When processing ductile iron, the same surface quality is achieved, and the tool durability is less than 100.
Tool manufacturers should take the initiative to adapt to the development needs of car manufacturing companies. The original tooling of the machine tool should participate in the planning and design of the pre-production line, and strive to achieve optimization in the planning and design stage. In daily production, we must actively understand the development needs of manufacturing enterprises and help solve practical production problems; we should actively introduce advanced products in the tool field and provide corresponding training; continuously improve the technical management level and service level of tool manufacturers to meet manufacturing. The development needs of enterprises.
The knives of the knives: when the domestic machine tool no longer has a "foreign knife"
The number of imported types of tools in China has increased by 64% over the previous year, and the amount has increased by 87% over the previous year.