Transparent plastic film, sheet or sheet, in a humid environment, when the humidity reaches below the dew point, it will condense a layer of fine water droplets on the surface, causing the surface to be fogged and fogged, hindering the transmission of light waves, for example, using film packaging products. At the same time, the contents are also invisible due to fogging, and the generated mist droplets are liable to cause damage to the contents. Antifogging agents are a class of Additives used to prevent the above-mentioned fogging phenomenon. They are surfactants with hydrophilic groups that can be oriented on the surface of the plastic, with the hydrophobic groups inward and the hydrophilic groups outward, so that water can easily wet the plastic surface, and the condensed fine water droplets can rapidly diffuse to form extremely thin water. The layer or large water droplets flow down the film. In this way, the atomization caused by the light scattering of the small water droplets can be avoided, and the condensed water droplets can be prevented from falling onto the packaged object, thereby damaging the packaged object. According to the manner in which the antifogging agent is added to the plastic, the antifogging agent can be classified into an internal type and an external type. The internal anti-fogging agent is added to the resin during the compounding, and is characterized in that it is not easy to lose and has long lasting effect, but it is difficult to obtain good anti-fogging property for the polymer having higher crystallinity; the anti-fogging agent is soluble in the outer coating type. After being applied to the surface of the plastic film in an organic solvent or water, it is easy to use, low in cost, but poor in durability, easy to be washed away or wiped off, and only used when the anti-fogging agent is ineffective or when it is not required to be durable. . The effectiveness of anti-fogging agent can be divided into four types: initial anti-fog, long-lasting anti-fog, low-temperature anti-fog and high-temperature anti-fog. It is difficult to combine four effects with anti-fog, often based on film anti-fog. For the effect requirements, choose several combinations. The chemical composition of the antifogging agent is mainly a partial esterified product of a fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol. Commonly used polyols are glycerin, sorbitol and anhydrides thereof. Commonly used fatty acids are saturated or unsaturated acids of C11 and C12, and fatty acids having 24 or more carbon atoms can also be used. In general, esters of medium-chain fatty acids have good initial anti-fog effects; long-chain fatty acids have good long-lasting anti-fog effects. In fact, antifogging agents are often mixed esters of various acids. Many fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols lack hydrophilicity. By adding ethylene oxide, hydrophilicity can be improved, initial antifogging properties and low temperature antifogging can be increased. Sex. Antifogging agents should have the following properties: 1. High anti-fog performance, rapid effect and good durability; 2. It has good thermal stability, is not easily decomposed by heat, and the decomposition product does not cause degradation of the polymer; 3. Good compatibility with other additives, does not hinder the function of other additives; 4. Does not affect the transparency, electrical properties, adhesion, stain resistance and other functions of the film. Several typical antifogging agents are described below. Glycerol monooleate white wax, can be used as an internal anti-fogging agent, has good initial anti-fog and low temperature anti-fog, suitable for food packaging film, the general dosage in polyethylene is 1~1.5 The fraction is 0.5 to 1 part in the polyolefin. The sorbitan monopalmitate is a yellow granule and is an internal anti-fogging agent. It is effective and long-lasting, and is used in the amount of 1 to 1.7 parts in the polyvinyl chloride. Sorbitol monostearate is also an anti-fogging agent. It is a yellow granular solid with a melting point of about 60 ° C. It has a long-lasting effect. It is commonly used in agricultural films. It can also be used as a food packaging material. It is used in polyvinyl chloride. The amount used is generally 1.5 to 1.8 parts, and is 0.7 to 1 part in polyvinyl acetate. Polyethylene oxide (20) glyceryl monostearate is also an internal antifogging agent that is extremely effective and has good initial and low temperature antifogging properties. It is a light yellow liquid with antistatic properties and is suitable for food packaging films. It is generally used in an amount of from 1 to 1.5 parts in the polyvinyl chloride and from 0.5 to 1 part in the polyolefin.
Dye is an organic substance that enables the coloring of fibers and other materials. Dye a wide range, according to the source can be divided into natural dyes (such as plant dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes, etc.) and synthetic dyes (or artificial dyes). According to the molecular structure can be divided into azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aromatic methane dyes, nitro dyes and so on. According to the application method is divided into acid dyes, alkaline dyes, sulfur dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes and so on. Dye has a color, but the color of the material is not necessarily a dye. Dyes must have chromophores and help chromophores. The dye in the ink should also have a water-soluble group such as a sulfonic acid group.
Natural dyes are dyes obtained from animals, plants and minerals. According to the source can be divided into: â‘ plant dyes, from some plants roots, stems, leaves and fruits extracted from the dye, such as extracted from indigo indigo (blue), extracted from turmeric curcumin (yellow (Dinar), etc.); (d) dyes, extracts from the animal's body, such as carmine extracted from the cochineal, etc .; (d) mineral dyes, dyes extracted from the colored non-ferrous minerals of minerals , Such as chrome yellow, ultramarine, manganese brown and so on. Because of the natural dyes and artificial dyes compared to the existence of many shortcomings, such as incomplete chromatography, application inconvenience, poor fastness, in addition to a few still use, the majority was eliminated.
Synthetic dyes, also known as "artificial dyes". Mainly by the coal tar (or oil processing) fractionation products (such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, carbazole, etc.) by chemical processing, sometimes called coal tar dyes. As the first few kinds of synthetic dyes made of aniline as raw materials, it is also known as "aniline dye." Compared with natural dyes, synthetic dyes and more types, chromatography complete, most colorful, washable and durable, and can be mass production. So the current so-called dye almost all refers to synthetic dyes. The dyeing products are one of the common forensic materials.
Pigment is a colored, black, white or fluorescent particulate organic or inorganic solid. In water, oil or other application medium does not dissolve, but can be evenly dispersed, and in the entire dispersion process from the physical and chemical effects of the media, still retain its unique crystal or particle structure. According to the chemical composition of inorganic pigments and organic pigments; according to the color is divided into white, red, yellow, black and other pigments; according to the source is divided into natural and synthetic pigments, natural pigments are mineral (inorganic) such as He Shi, cinnabar, , Realgar, etc., there are animal and plant (organic) such as rattan, cochineal red, synthetic pigments are also inorganic and organic two categories; according to the use of coloring pigments, physical pigments and functional pigments. Coloring pigments are inorganic and organic pigments that impart various colors to the application medium. The pigment is a pigment that does not have a hue force and no hiding power. It is mainly used to reduce product cost and improve the performance of paint, plastic, rubber and other products. Called the filler. Now has been processed into ultra-fine grain of natural products and synthetic products, due to the synthesis of impurities in the small, fine particles and according to the need for artificial synthesis and a variety of surface modification, it can be used to reduce the hiding power of the pigment (Such as titanium dioxide) and improve product performance, and now it is called physical (incremental) pigments more appropriate, most of the main varieties of natural pigments are processed natural minerals such as natural calcium carbonate, barite powder, talc Such as precipitated calcium carbonate, precipitated barium sulfate, synthetic silica, etc .; functional pigments are pigments that give products specific functions, And change the color of the temperature paint, with poisonous biological function of the antifouling pigments, in the dark glowing luminous pigments, to prevent corrosion of rust-proof paint, pearl luster pearlescent pigments and so on.
Paint in paint, printing, rubber, plastics, paper, fiber, ceramics and other industries widely used, the product can be decorative, opaque, durable or special features.
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