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Home PV power station: It takes ten years to invest 25,000
**Abstract**
Mr. Fang, a resident of Jiuting Community in Songjiang, has become known as the “crab-eater†of Shanghai’s distributed power grid. He was among the first to apply for and connect his rooftop photovoltaic system to the grid, following the State Grid Corporation of China's newly launched support policy for distributed photovoltaic generation. Recently, the State Grid released its "Opinions on Grid-Connected Service Work for Distributed Power Supply," which outlines a more streamlined process for residential and commercial users looking to integrate solar power into the grid.
Although residential PV systems can now be connected to the grid with the help of supportive policies, the reporter visited Mr. Fang’s home and found that the pace of adoption is slower than expected. The expansion of such projects in residential areas faces multiple challenges, including limited space, high costs, and uncertainty around the final electricity purchase price from the government.
**Challenges in Promoting Residential Solar Projects**
On March 15, the reporter visited Mr. Fang’s home, where a small solar power station installed in January had already generated 10.15 kWh. In February, despite low sunlight in Shanghai, the system produced 136.57 kWh, of which 105.38 kWh was fed back into the grid. However, Mr. Fang’s household consumed 380 kWh during the same period, highlighting the gap between production and consumption.
The system, consisting of 10 solar panels with a total capacity of 3 kW, was limited by the size of the roof. While the Shanghai Power Grid offers two-way metering to ensure accurate readings, the actual compensation rate remains unclear until the NDRC finalizes the purchase price.
According to Shanghai Electric Power Company, since the national policy was introduced last November, over 20 applications have been submitted, with 14 residential users already connected to the grid. Most applicants are industry professionals or environmental enthusiasts, suggesting that the market is still in its early stages.
**High Costs and Limited Installation Support**
Mr. Fang pointed out that PV companies do not typically sell to individual consumers, requiring large orders instead. Retail options are limited to online platforms, where second-hand or imported modules are sold without installation services. This creates additional hurdles for homeowners.
Installation involves complex technical requirements, such as roof load capacity and bracket angles, and there are currently no standardized guidelines for residential installations. As a result, many homeowners are hesitant due to potential disputes with neighbors or property management.
**Future Prospects and Investment Return**
While the State Grid offers free grid connection services, the long payback period and high initial investment remain major concerns. Mr. Fang’s project cost about 25,000 RMB, and at an estimated feed-in tariff of 1 yuan/kWh, it would take around 10 years to recoup the investment—excluding maintenance costs.
Experts suggest that the return on investment depends heavily on government subsidies and pricing policies. In Jiangsu, for example, the on-grid price was gradually reduced from 1.3 yuan/kWh in 2012 to 1.15 yuan/kWh in 2015, which is still higher than the standard residential electricity rate of 0.6–0.7 yuan/kWh.
Despite increased targets for distributed generation, the market remains slow to grow due to unresolved pricing issues and lack of clear support for individual users. The industry is still in the experimental phase, with most projects focused on industrial and rural areas rather than urban households.
**How to Apply for Grid Connection in Shanghai**
1. Submit a grid application form for a distributed power generation project.
2. Obtain approval from the local investment department.
3. Provide a certificate from the neighborhood committee and neighbor consent for installation.
4. The power company will conduct a site inspection and develop a grid access plan.
5. After design review and meter installation, the system will be connected to the grid.
Note: If no grid transformation is required, the entire process must be completed within 45 working days.