Capsicum Blight I. Symptoms: In the early stages of the disease, the top leaves of the plant begin to wilt and droop. Then, the lower leaves also start to wilt, and eventually, the middle leaves wither. Sometimes, one side of the leaves wilts first, or all the leaves wilt simultaneously. During the initial stage, the infected plants show wilting during the day but recover at night. After 2-3 days, the entire plant dies due to wilting, and the dead plants remain green. The roots of the diseased plants often turn brown and rot, the surface of the stem becomes rough, and the root system develops many adventitious roots. Some stems may show 1-2 cm brown spots. The xylem in the stems is visible, and when cut, the cross-section appears moist, with white turbid mucus oozing out when pressed. II. Disease Occurrence: Pepper bacterial wilt, also known as pepper bacterial wilt, typically does not occur in the seedling stage. It usually appears after the peppers start bearing fruit and is most severe in summer. This is a typical bacterial vascular bundle disease. High temperature and humidity, especially after prolonged rain or heavy rainfall, can easily promote the spread of the disease. III. Prevention and Control Methods 　　1. Implement a crop rotation of 4-5 years, avoiding planting with Solanaceae and legume crops. Water and drought rotation can be practiced in suitable areas, which is the most effective measure to prevent this disease. 　　2. Apply lime or grass ash when preparing the land, use high ridges and deep ditches in the field, and water with small amounts to maintain proper moisture levels. 　　3. Before the onset of the disease (usually at the beginning of fruit setting), spray 70% copper oxychloride at 500 times dilution, or 50% spring copper oxychloride (Chunleimycin + copper oxychloride) at 500-600 times dilution, or 14% copper ammonia complex agent at 300 times dilution, or 77% copper sulfate WP at 500 times dilution. Spray every 7-10 days, up to 2-3 times. 　　4. When sporadic diseased plants appear in the field, remove them immediately and disinfect the affected area with 2% formalin solution or 20% lime water to prevent the spread of soil bacteria. 　　5. Spray 1:1:240 Bordeaux mixture, or 100-150 mg/kg agricultural streptomycin in the early stages of the disease or after heavy rain. Spray every 7-10 days, and up to 3-4 times for better control. 　　6. If the disease continues in the field, irrigate the roots with one of the following agents: 10-200 mg/kg agricultural streptomycin, or 40% bactericidal wettable powder at 5000 times dilution (0.25-0.5 kg per solution). Irrigate once every 10-15 days, up to 3-5 times. At the same time, combine with foliar spraying. Use 72% agricultural streptomycin WP at 2000 times dilution, or 14% lycopene copper solution at 300 times dilution, or 77% killing WP at 500 times dilution, or 50% copper amber plastic adipic acid at 500 times dilution, or 50% wettable powder DT M at 500 times dilution. Spray every 7-10 days, up to 2-3 times. Pepper Root Rot I. Symptoms: The symptoms are more noticeable during the flowering and fruiting stage. The lower leaves gradually turn yellow and wither from the bottom up. Usually, the leaves do not fall off, and in severe cases, the stems and leaves die. The main roots and lateral roots become rotten, and no new lateral roots form. Under wet conditions, the base of the stem shows a pink mold. II. Disease Occurrence: The bacteria can survive in the soil for over 10 years. They spread mainly through rain, irrigation water, uncomposted farmyard manure, and agricultural tools. They infect the cortex of the main root and the stem below the surface. High temperature and humidity, poor drainage, incomplete decomposition of base fertilizer, and continuous cropping over many years are major causes of this disease. 　　1. Implement a crop rotation of 2-5 years; use high ridges to reduce soil moisture; clear ditches and drain water after rain, and promptly remove diseased plants. 　　2. When planting, soak the roots in anti-dry spirit wettable powder at 600 times dilution, or toxic poison at 3000 times dilution for 10-15 minutes after transplanting. Alternatively, mix 1 bag of 150 raw antibacterial powder with 0.5 kg of rice bran (without water), soak the roots of pepper seedlings, and transplant them. Add 1.5-2 kg of copper sulfate per acre when watering after planting. 　　3. After planting, spray Huanmiao perfusion at 3000 times dilution, or 600 times dilution, or anti-dry Ling. Each 250 ml is used, sprayed once every 7 days, up to 3 times. If the disease has already occurred, increase the dosage accordingly. Capsicum Blight I. Symptoms: More common during the flowering and fruiting period. At the beginning of the disease, several lower leaves wilt and droop, and the whole plant appears to wilt from the bottom up. Mildly infected plants wilt during midday on sunny days, but return to normal in the morning and evening or on cloudy days. After several days, the diseased plants turn yellow and die, and in severe cases, the entire plant dies. The internal tissues of the roots and necks of the plants are browned, and the cortex is easy to peel off. For example, if a section of a diseased stem is cut and placed in a test tube with fresh water, no white pus is discharged (this distinguishes it from bacterial wilt). II. Disease Occurrence: The bacteria overwinter on the diseased plant and can survive in the soil for many years. The disease occurs more frequently after rainy days in summer, and it spreads rapidly after rain. It thrives in moist soil, heavy clay, slightly acidic conditions, poor drainage, long-term monoculture, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer application. The disease is severe in high temperature and high humidity environments. If the soil is heavily infested with root-knot nematodes, it can exacerbate the disease. 　　1. Prevent by using pepper root rot measures. 　　2. Before planting, disinfect the soil with Kekesong wettable agent at 1000 times dilution. Transplant using Dixon at 800 times dilution or anti-dry spirit WP at 600 times dilution. Soak the roots in carbunion at 3000 times dilution for 10-15 minutes after transplanting. Alternatively, mix 1 capsule of 150 antibacterial powder with 0.5 kg of rice bran (without water), soak the roots of pepper seedlings, and dip the roots. Add 1.5-2.0 kg of copper sulfate per acre when watering after planting. 　　3. Spray 50% carbendazim WP at 500 times dilution, or 40% polysulfur suspension at 600 times dilution, or 50% succinic acid copper WP at 400 times dilution at the beginning of the disease. Alternatively, use anti-dry wettable powder at 1000 times dilution for spraying or 600 times dilution for root irrigation, applying 0.5 liters per plant during rooting, up to 2-3 times. automatic black aluminum frosted glass,sectional residential garage door,Automatic Sectional Customized Aluminum Frameless 16x8 Foshan City JBD Home Building Material Co.,Ltd. , https://www.jbdhome.com
Identification and control of common wilt disease in pepper
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