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The "species" and "color" division of jadeite and economic evaluation
Jadeite, a precious gemstone, is evaluated based on several key factors that influence its quality. These include color, texture (structure), transparency (referred to as "head"), presence of cracks, and impurities. Additionally, the craftsmanship involved in processing the jade also plays a significant role in determining its value. In the world of jade commerce, the terms "texture" and "transparency" are often grouped together under the term "species." Texture refers to the size and arrangement of mineral particles within the stone, such as glassy, icy, bean-like, or dry white types. Transparency, on the other hand, refers to how clear or opaque the jade appears. Color is another critical factor, measured by its richness, vibrancy, and harmony.
The saying "Gold is valuable, but jade is priceless" highlights the unique cultural and economic significance of jade. However, in practice, identifying genuine jade, assessing its grade, and understanding its value can be challenging due to the lack of standardized classification systems. Different names for similar types of jade often confuse buyers, leading to misjudgment in evaluation. This has resulted in a market filled with imitations, making it difficult for consumers to distinguish real from fake. Therefore, a reliable classification and quality-based economic evaluation system is essential for both trade and investment.
Traditionally, jade classification has been overly detailed and complex, often leading to theoretical debates rather than practical applications. For instance, jade was once categorized based on color, "water head," and "di" (a term referring to the clarity and luster). Different experts have proposed varying numbers of color categories—some suggesting 28 types, others 24. This inconsistency can create confusion, especially when slight variations in shade are classified as separate varieties. To address this, modern approaches aim to simplify and standardize the classification process while still capturing the essence of each type.
Based on practical experience, jadeite can be broadly divided into 14 characteristic types, including old pit, colorless, hibiscus, dry green, egg white, white earth blue, cyanine, oil green, horse teeth, dragonfly, spring, blue flower, black, and more. Each type has its own rarity, demand, and aesthetic appeal, influencing its market value. For example, the "old pit glass species" is considered the most valuable due to its rich, vibrant color, fine texture, and high transparency. It is extremely rare and highly sought after, often commanding prices ranging from 100,000 to 300,000 yuan per piece.
Other types, such as "colorless jade," are valued for their clarity and purity, often used in bracelets that give off an icy, refreshing feel. Hibiscus jade, with its soft green hue, is popular in southern China, while "dry green" jade, known for its deep, vivid color, is less transparent and more coarse in texture.
Each type of jade carries its own set of criteria for evaluation, including color intensity, uniformity, transparency, texture, and craftsmanship. These factors are crucial in determining the final price and marketability of jade products. Moreover, cultural preferences and regional trends also play a role in shaping consumer demand and pricing.
In addition to classification, a semi-quantitative economic evaluation system is used to assess jadeite's commercial value. This involves assigning percentage scores to various quality factors such as color, texture, transparency, and craftsmanship. The scores are then weighted according to their importance, and a comprehensive score is calculated to determine the overall grade of the jade. This approach helps provide a more objective and consistent method for evaluating jade in commercial settings.
Ultimately, the accurate classification and valuation of jadeite are not only important for traders and collectors but also for ensuring fair transactions and protecting consumers from fraud. As the market continues to evolve, the need for standardized and transparent evaluation methods becomes increasingly vital. By combining traditional knowledge with modern analytical techniques, we can better appreciate the beauty and value of jadeite in today’s global market.