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Three principles for improving soil fertility
Organic fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing and sustaining the organic matter content in soil. By applying materials such as manure, compost, green manure, and other high-organic-matter substances, farmers can effectively enrich the soil's nutrient profile. When conditions allow, the use of large quantities of organic amendments like river mud or peat can significantly boost the soil’s organic matter levels, leading to long-term improvements in soil health and productivity.
After harvesting crops, it is beneficial to chop the straw and spread it directly on the field following plowing. This practice not only improves the physical properties of the soil but also helps in forming a stable aggregate structure. As a result, the soil becomes more porous, allowing better air and water infiltration, which enhances its ability to retain and supply nutrients. These changes ultimately contribute to increased soil fertility and better crop growth.
Crop rotation is another effective strategy for maintaining and improving soil quality. By incorporating leguminous crops into the rotation cycle, farmers can naturally increase the nitrogen content in the soil. Legumes, such as clover or alfalfa, fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil through their root systems. When these plants are turned into the soil as green manure, they add significant amounts of organic matter, further improving the soil's physical and chemical properties. This process not only boosts fertility but also supports a more sustainable agricultural system over time.