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Three principles for improving soil fertility
Organic fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing and sustaining soil fertility by incorporating materials rich in organic matter, such as manure, compost, green manure, and other organic amendments. When feasible, applying large quantities of organic materials like river mud or peat can significantly boost the organic content of the soil, leading to long-term improvements in soil health and productivity.
After harvesting crops, it is beneficial to chop the straw and spread it directly onto the field following plowing. This practice helps improve the physical properties of the soil, encourages the formation of stable soil aggregates, and enhances air and water infiltration. It also increases the soil's ability to retain nutrients, which ultimately contributes to higher soil fertility and better crop yields.
Implementing a reasonable crop rotation system can further enhance soil quality. By including leguminous crops in the rotation cycle, such as beans or clover, the nitrogen content of the soil can be naturally increased. Additionally, when these legumes are incorporated into the soil as green manure, their roots, stems, and leaves decompose and add valuable organic matter, improving both the physical and chemical properties of the soil. This process not only boosts fertility but also promotes a more balanced and sustainable agricultural ecosystem.