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The "species" and "color" division of jadeite and economic evaluation
Jadeite, a precious gemstone, is influenced by several factors that determine its quality, such as color, texture (structure), transparency (referred to as “headâ€), cracks, and impurities. Additionally, the craftsmanship involved in processing jadeite also plays a significant role. In the jade trade, “species†refers to both texture and transparency. Texture relates to the size and arrangement of mineral particles, which can be fine, medium, or coarse, and includes types like glassy, icy, bean-like, dry white, and more. Transparency, on the other hand, refers to how clear or opaque the stone appears.
In the jade market, it's essential for buyers to understand the value of jade, assess its grade, and distinguish between genuine and fake pieces. However, due to the lack of standardized classification, different names for similar jade types often confuse consumers, leading to incorrect evaluations. This has resulted in a market flooded with counterfeit products, making it difficult for buyers to make informed decisions. Therefore, a systematic classification and economic evaluation of jadeite are not only practical but also highly valuable.
Traditionally, the classification of jadeite has been overly detailed and complex, leading to confusion rather than clarity. For example, jade was often divided based on color, “water head,†and “di,†resulting in numerous subcategories. Some classifications even split colors into 24 or 28 varieties, many of which differ only slightly in tone. This overcomplication makes it harder for people to evaluate jade effectively.
Based on practical experience, this paper categorizes jadeite into 14 distinct types, including old pit, colorless, hibiscus, dry green, egg white, golden silk seed, white earth blue, cyanine, oil green, horse tooth, dragonfly, spring, blue flower, and black. Each type has its own rarity and value, influenced by supply, demand, and cultural preferences. Below is an overview of some of these categories:
**Old Pit Species**: Known for its rich, bright, and harmonious color, this variety is rare and highly sought after. It features a fine texture and good transparency, often appearing glass-like. Due to its scarcity and high demand, it commands premium prices, ranging from 100,000 to 300,000 yuan per piece.
**Colorless Jade**: Transparent and clear, this type lacks strong color, appearing light or colorless. It’s often used for bracelets, offering a cool, icy appearance that appeals to many women. High-grade examples can cost between 50,000 and 150,000 yuan.
**Hibiscus Jade**: Characterized by a pale green hue, this type is delicate and slightly translucent. It’s popular in southern China and can be quite expensive, especially when featuring dark green veins.
**Dry Green Jade**: Includes two main types—pure sodium chromite and a mix with jadeite. It has a thick, pure green color but poor transparency. Often used for pendants and bracelets, its price ranges from 1,000 to 10,000 yuan.
**Flower Green Jade**: Features a veined green pattern, varying in depth and distribution. Commonly used for small pendants, it is considered mid-range in value, typically costing tens to hundreds of yuan.
**Oil Green Jade**: Appears dull and oily, with a fibrous structure under magnification. Popular in northern regions, it is generally low to mid-range in price, from tens to hundreds of yuan.
**Dragonfly Jade**: Comes in red and yellow variations, with red being more valuable. Bright red varieties are rare and expensive, while darker shades are more common and less costly.
**Spring Jade (Purple)**: Known for its soft purple tones, it varies in quality. High-quality pieces are rare and can be worth up to 150,000 yuan.
**Blue Flower Jade**: Typically dull and low in quality, it is inexpensive, available for just a few dollars.
**Dirty Jade**: An inferior type with rough texture and irregular color, it is the lowest in value, usually selling for a few dollars.
In addition to classification, economic evaluation considers various factors like color, texture, transparency, and craftsmanship. A scoring system helps determine the overall value, guiding buyers in commercial transactions. This approach ensures a more accurate and practical assessment of jadeite, bridging theory with real-world application.