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A new variation of the old coordinate industrial symbols of the development period
In an old factory nestled in the western suburbs of Zhengzhou, the streets are blanketed with fallen leaves. Sunlight filters through the tall French sycamore trees, casting golden patterns on the ground. Beneath the towering blast furnaces and workshops, the quiet German architecture from the 1950s stands as a testament to a bygone era. Time seems frozen here—curved sawtooth roofs, thick heat pipelines, and towering chimneys all whisper stories of industrial glory.
This is China's largest grinding wheel factory, once established with assistance from the former East Germany during the "First Five-Year Plan." Known today as Baige Group Abrasives Co., Ltd., it was originally called the "Second Grinding Wheel Factory." The phrase "two sands" has become a local landmark, symbolizing the area’s deep historical significance and its role in shaping Zhengzhou’s industrial identity.
In the early years of the People's Republic of China, large-scale industrial development was crucial. Without grinding wheels, machinery couldn’t function. Abrasives, often referred to as the “teeth†of the machinery industry, were essential for manufacturing everything from aircraft to tractors. At the time, there was only one grinding wheel factory in China—the Shenyang Sujiatun Factory, later renamed the First Grinding Wheel Factory. During the First Five-Year Plan, the state decided to build a large-scale facility. In May 1953, a preparatory office was set up in Wuhan before moving to Zhengzhou due to the rich bauxite reserves in Gongyi City. Bauxite, though called “soil,†is actually a stone and a key raw material for abrasive production. Building the factory near the mine significantly reduced transportation costs.
With limited technical resources at the time, the project was entrusted to East Germany. This collaboration, known as the “157th Project,†was not part of the original 156 Soviet-assisted projects. The factory, initially named 4057, was later designated as the “Second Grinding Wheel Factory†by the Ministry of Machinery Industry. During construction, 67 German experts and their families lived in Zhengzhou for years, enjoying high-level treatment that included special housing, swimming pools, and tennis courts.
At first, Chinese officials found the German-designed buildings too luxurious. They questioned the need for reinforced structures and deep foundations. However, the East Germans insisted that the factory would be a prime target in any war. Their reasoning: during World War II, Hitler had bombed grinding wheel factories, recognizing them as critical to military production. Ultimately, the East German standards prevailed, shaping the quality and design of the plant.
For much of the 20th century, “Two Sands†stood as the most significant industrial enterprise in Zhengzhou and Henan. It received the largest investment in the city—150 million yuan, nearly matching the total investment of five national cotton plants. The factory covered 1 square kilometer, featured a 64-meter-high chimney, and was the country’s largest grinding wheel factory, second only to one in the world. Its well-designed workshops, elegant facades, and overhead bridges reflected the architectural style of East Germany. The 27th factory building, still in use today, is a rare example of pre-modern industrial architecture in China.
Industrial heritage holds immense value, both as a record of past labor and daily life and as a resource for understanding how people worked and lived. Properly preserved, these sites can serve as cultural and creative hubs. Artists like Jiang Shan, who visited the site to capture its essence, see great potential in transforming this historic area into a cultural park. The Zhengzhou municipal government has already expressed interest in developing this space into a cultural and creative industrial zone, where the old factory complex could become a vibrant center for media, art, and technology.