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A new variation of the old coordinate industrial symbols of the development period
In an old factory nestled in the western suburbs of Zhengzhou, a quiet stillness lingers. The road is lined with fallen leaves, and sunlight filters through the tall French sycamore trees, casting soft shadows on the ground. Beneath the towering blast furnaces and industrial workshops, the German architecture from the 1950s stands untouched, a silent witness to time. This place seems frozen in history—its curved sawtooth roofs, thick heat pipelines, and towering chimneys all echo the past.
This is the country’s largest grinding wheel factory, once built with assistance from the former East Germany during China's "First Five-Year Plan." Known as the "Second Grinding Wheel Factory" (now Baige Group Abrasives Co., Ltd.), it has become a symbol of Zhengzhou's industrial legacy. Recently, the city's cultural initiative, “Two Sands Walk,†highlights this area, emphasizing its significance as a landmark that reflects the city's industrial soul.
In the early years of New China, large-scale industrial development was crucial. Without grinding wheels, machinery couldn’t function. Abrasives were the "teeth" of industry—without them, even simple tools like pens couldn't be made. At the time, there was only one grinding wheel factory in China: the Shenyang Sujiatun Factory. During the "First Five-Year Plan," the state decided to build a new, large-scale factory. In 1953, the preparatory office was set up in Wuhan, but later moved to Zhengzhou due to the nearby bauxite reserves in Gongxian County (now Gongyi City). Bauxite, often called "soil," is actually a critical raw material for abrasive production. Building near the mine significantly cut transportation costs.
With limited technical capabilities, China turned to East Germany for help. This project, though not part of the famous "156 Soviet aid projects," became known as the "157th Project." It was initially called Factory No. 4057, later renamed the "Second Grinding Wheel Factory."
During construction, 67 German experts and their families lived in Zhengzhou for years. They were given luxurious accommodations, including a special housing complex, swimming pools, and tennis courts. While Chinese workers lived modestly, the East Germans' designs stood out as overly luxurious. Yet, they insisted on high standards, citing wartime experience—Hitler had targeted grinding wheel factories during World War II. Their insistence prevailed, and the factory was built to East German specifications, setting a high benchmark for quality and design.
For many years, "Two Sands" dominated Zhengzhou’s industrial scene. It was the most heavily invested project in the city, costing 150 million yuan—nearly matching the total investment of five national cotton plants. Its factory area covered one square kilometer, and its chimney reached 64 meters. Not only was it the largest grinding wheel factory in Zhengzhou, but also the largest in China and the second-largest globally.
The well-designed workshops, elegant façades, and connected bridges reflect the original style of East German industrial architecture. The 27th building, still in use today, features an assembled reinforced concrete structure and a single-layer curved sawtooth roof. It is one of the largest and best-preserved industrial buildings in China, listed among the city's outstanding modern structures.
Industrial heritage holds immense value. It preserves the memory of labor and daily life during key social changes and serves as a historical archive of how people worked and lived. Proper protection and reuse of these sites can preserve Zhengzhou’s industrial experience. For future generations, the industrial world may seem as distant as ancient times. However, large-scale industrial relics like factories, warehouses, water towers, and conveyor systems offer rich resources for cultural and creative industries.
Jiang Shan, an artist who visited the site, noted that such places are not just remnants of the past—they are living histories. The Zhengzhou Municipal Party Committee and Government have announced plans to transform the Baiyuan Abrasives Co., Ltd. area into an industrial heritage park. In the future, this once-industrial zone could become a hub for media, advertising, art, animation, and film, blending the past with the present.