Fruit growth characteristics and fertilizer characteristics of fruit trees

1. Growth characteristics of fruit tree roots

The roots of fruit trees have two peak periods of growth a year. One is after harvesting in autumn and before falling to the leaves; the other is that spring new shoots stop growing until the fruit is inflated.

The root growth of walnut is also the same. The first root growth peak period is from early June to early July, and the second time after the fruit picking from early September to early October, there are two peak growth periods, and the growth stops in mid-November. .

Roots are divided into secondary roots and primary roots. The secondary roots are brown, yellowish brown, mainly for transporting and storing nutrients; the primary roots are white, responsible for absorbing nutrients, growing roots, short life (15-20 days), high growth density, and often alternating. If there are many nitrogen fertilizers, more roots are grown; more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied, and more roots are absorbed.

The proportion of growing roots and absorbing roots is similar to the ratio of long shoots and short shoots of the tree. The growth roots are more long-term, the trees are stronger; the roots are more short-term, and the results are more.

The distribution of roots: from the depth of the walnut surface to the underground 20 cm, due to the influence of environmental conditions, the larger distribution is less (0-6.4%), and the number of roots distributed in the deep layer of 21-60 cm below the ground accounts for more than 85%. .

In the horizontal direction, 80% of the roots are distributed in the vertical projection line of the canopy, so the fertilization is mainly applied in the vertical line, because the root is absorbed most, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients.

2. Fruit trees need four stages of nutrients

The first stage: spring germination, flowering this period of time using the stored nutrient stage. The germination and flowering of fruit trees until the growth of new shoots depends mainly on the nutrients stored in the tree, and nutrients are rarely absorbed at this time.

The second stage: the stage of nutrition exchange. The new shoots grow, the nutrients in the tree are exhausted, and the nutrients are absorbed.

The third stage: the stage in which the roots absorb nutrients. From fruit set, fruit enlargement until fruit harvest.

The fourth stage: the nutrient storage stage. At this time, the tree is not growing, the absorbed nutrients are completely stored in the tree, and the nutrients of the leaves are also returned to the tree for storage.

3. Two absorption peaks of fruit tree growth

From the spring flowering, long leaves to fruit setting is the first peak period to absorb nutrients, and the fruit expansion period is the second peak period. At the first peak, the amount of nitrogen absorbed was higher than that of the second one, while potassium absorbed more at the second peak. The amount of phosphate absorbed was basically stable throughout the year. Flower bud differentiation of fruit trees is the basis of flowering results.

Different varieties of flower bud differentiation are different. Apple is in June, July and August, and the time is relatively long. The female flower differentiation period of walnut is in June and July. The degree of flower bud differentiation determines the number of flowering in the second year, which has a great impact on the results.

4. Three fertilization periods and usage of fruit trees

(1) Autumn is the most important fertilization period.

(2) Spring, before germination until after flowering.

(3) The period of fruit enlargement, after fruit setting to the end of picking.

In the autumn, fertilization of farmyard manure, organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium should be applied in combination. Inorganic fertilizer accounts for 20% of the annual topdressing amount.

In spring, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added mainly by nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for 40% of the annual topdressing amount. Fertilization during fruit expansion period is mainly based on nitrogen and potassium, combined with phosphorus, calcium and micro-fertilizer, accounting for 40% of the annual topdressing amount.

How to apply autumn fertilizer to fruit trees

1, autumn Shi base fertilizer must be deep

The autumn base fertilizer must be deep, and it should be kept at 30 centimeters to forty centimeters. This can lead the roots of the fruit trees to the deep layers, and drought-tolerant in summer drought, because the basic fertilizers in autumn are mainly organic fertilizers, especially farmyard manure.

Such as sheep fat, rabbit fat, etc., autumn Shi base fertilizer in the deep application, can expand the area of ​​root absorption, shallow roots, deep roots. But it can't be too deep, and the base fertilizer in autumn is too deep, which is not conducive to the absorption of roots. In short, the depth of the autumn Shiji fertilizer should be appropriate.

2, the amount of fertilizer should be sufficient

The amount of fertilizer applied should be sufficient. The base fertilizer in autumn is the home-based fertilizer, which accounts for about sixty-seven percent of the annual fertilization amount. The amount of autumn fertilizer should be determined according to your own output.

More than one bag of grape acre should be applied more, and a small amount of bags should be applied less. In short, it depends on the amount of production to determine how much fertilizer to apply. You have to produce eight kilograms of fruit, but only the fertilizer of 5,000 kilograms of fruit is used, and certainly no more than eight kilograms.

The autumn Shiji base is full of fertilizer, and it has a decisive effect on the flowering, fruit setting, leaf size, fruit size and tree strength of the second year. Therefore, the autumn Shiji fertilizer must be awkward.

3, autumn Shi base fertilizer must be mixed and mix well

The autumn base fertilizer must be mixed well with the soil. There are many fruit farmers who put the fertilizer into the pit and buried the soil. This is a very wrong method of fertilization.

This unmixed fertilizer method has a low utilization rate of fertilizer and is a waste of fertilizer. Which of the absorbing roots of the fruit tree can grow into the fertilizer pile, the fertilization is too concentrated, and the root is absorbed and burned. Therefore, the autumn base fertilizer must be mixed well and mixed well to be decomposed by microorganisms to improve fertilizer utilization.

4, nutrition must be comprehensive

It is the whole nutrient fertilization. The basic fertilizer for autumn application is to apply all kinds of organic nutrients and more than ten kinds of nutrients needed by the fruit trees as the base fertilizer.

Autumn Shiji Fertilizer is a large mixed meal of fruit trees throughout the year. In summer, the fertilization of fruit trees has a focus, the early stage nitrogen, medium-term phosphorus, and late potassium and calcium, but the autumn base fertilizer is the moon fertilizer, and all kinds of nutrients are needed.

In the autumn, the whole nutrient fertilization, fruit trees in the summer growth process, there will be no deficiency syndrome, in order to healthy growth, flowering, and results.

5, the position of the autumn Shi base fertilizer is far

It is the position of the base fertilizer in the autumn, in the periphery of the canopy. In the process of applying the base fertilizer in autumn, there are many fruit farmers who are relatively close to the fertilization site. When they see the thick roots when they dig, they think it is good.

In fact, the thick roots of fruit trees cannot absorb fertilizer, but the roots of fruit trees are eating and drinking. The absorption root of the fruit tree is white, thinner than the hair, and its life span is only about seven days.

When you grow up, you die when you eat and drink. The roots are repeated deaths and repeated growth. March, June, and September are the peaks of root growth. Mature trees should be fertilized and watered in the middle of two rows of trees to increase the rate of fertilizer absorption.