Hexagon nuts (also known as finished hexagon nuts) are available in ASTM A563-A and are compatible with mild steel Bolts, such as ASTM A307, ASTM F1554 Grade 36, SAE Grade 2 and AASHTO M183. SAE Grade 5 and Grade 8 nuts are also available in finished style. Since hot-dip galvanizing usually increases the thickness of the threaded part of the fastener by 2.2 to 5 mils, the thread size of the galvanized hexagon nut is too large to compensate for the anti-corrosion coating on the bolt. Carbon Steel Nut,Galvanized Nut,Carbon Nuts,Carbon Steel Hex Nut Taizhou Hongchuang Hardware Co., Ltd. , https://www.taizhouhongchuang.com
Chinese hex nut manufacturer Hongchuang Hardware provides hex nuts of various materials, such as carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, titanium, etc.
Submersible pump structure principle and use points
Submersible pumps are highly versatile tools used in various water treatment and management applications. They operate by being fully submerged in water, making them ideal for tasks such as groundwater extraction, domestic water supply, mining rescue operations, industrial cooling systems, agricultural irrigation, seawater lifting, and ship-to-ship transfers. Additionally, they are commonly used in fountain displays, hot spring bathing systems, deep well water extraction, and for managing reservoirs, drainage systems, and other water infrastructure projects.
These pumps are especially useful in remote or high-altitude areas where farmland irrigation and water supply for humans and livestock are essential. They also play a crucial role in central air conditioning systems, heat pump units, and cold water circulation. With flow rates ranging from 5 to 650 cubic meters per hour and head capacities between 10 to 550 meters, submersible pumps are suitable for a wide range of applications.
A submersible pump (Figure 1) works by first filling the suction pipe and pump with liquid before starting. Once activated, the impeller spins rapidly, causing the liquid to rotate along with the blades. Centrifugal force pushes the liquid outward through the impeller, and as it moves into the diffuser chamber, its speed decreases while pressure increases. The pressurized liquid is then discharged through the outlet pipe. At the center of the impeller, a low-pressure vacuum is created, drawing more water from the source through the suction pipe, ensuring continuous operation.
The structure of a submersible pump typically includes the pump body, discharge pipe, base, submersible motor, and a starter protection device. As technology advances, submersible pumps have evolved to meet diverse needs, leading to the development of various types, including well submersible pumps, surface-operated submersible pumps, sewage submersible pumps, sand-handling submersible pumps, vertical pumps, and others used in mining environments.
Based on the type of medium they handle, submersible pumps can be classified into three main categories: water submersible pumps, sewage submersible pumps, and submersible seawater pumps (which are designed for corrosive environments). These pumps can be installed in different orientations—vertically (such as in wells), at an angle (like in mine tunnels), or horizontally (such as in pools).
When using a submersible pump, it’s important to follow safety guidelines. First, ensure that the power supply is properly grounded and equipped with a leakage protector. Avoid excessive bends in the discharge pipe to minimize energy loss, and repair any leaks promptly. If the water contains debris, install a filter to prevent clogging. Before starting, check the power supply polarity to avoid reverse rotation, which can cause the pump to run dry. In case of any abnormal operation, immediately shut off the power and investigate the issue before resuming use.