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Cultivation techniques of hydrangea
Hydrangea, commonly known as the "flower of the sky," is a popular deciduous shrub belonging to the Saxifragaceae family. It is cherished for its vibrant, long-lasting blooms and attractive foliage. Native to regions like the Yangtze River Basin and southern China, this plant has become a favorite in gardens around the world due to its beauty and adaptability.
Hydrangea typically grows between 1 to 2 meters tall in the wild, but when cultivated in pots, it can be kept shorter, usually around 30 to 50 cm. Its leaves are opposite, obovate or elliptical, with serrated edges. The inflorescence is a corymb, often spherical and up to 20 cm in diameter, featuring a mix of fertile and sterile flowers. The color of the flowers changes over time, starting from white and gradually shifting to blue or pink, depending on soil pH. It blooms from May to July, offering a long ornamental period.
This plant thrives in warm and humid conditions, with an ideal temperature range of 18°C to 28°C. It prefers partial shade, as direct sunlight can cause leaf burn and curling. Hydrangea requires well-drained, fertile soil and consistent moisture, though it should not sit in water. It is also relatively resistant to pollutants like sulfur dioxide.
There are several common cultivars, such as *Hydrangea macrophylla* (with all sterile flowers), *H. coerulea* (dark blue flowers with white or blue edges), *H. paniculata* (large, spherical inflorescences), and *H. quercifolia* (ornamental foliage with white margins). These varieties offer a wide range of colors and shapes for garden design.
Propagation methods include cuttings, layering, and division. Cuttings are best taken during spring or early summer, using semi-woody stems. After cutting, the stems are placed in a moist medium like sand or vermiculite. Rooting usually takes about 18 days, after which they can be transplanted into pots.
For optimal growth, hydrangeas should be planted in well-draining soil mixed with compost and organic fertilizer. Regular watering is essential, especially during hot weather, to prevent wilting and leaf damage. The soil's pH affects flower color—acidic soil produces blue blooms, while alkaline soil results in pink ones.
Temperature control is important, as high heat can dull the flower color. A temperature range of 15°C to 25°C is ideal. After flowering, cooler temperatures help maintain color vibrancy. Shading is necessary to protect the plant from direct sunlight, especially during the growing season.
Pruning helps maintain the plant’s shape and encourages new growth. Removing weak shoots and replacing old branches with strong ones ensures healthy development. For controlled blooming, plants can be subjected to cold treatment before being moved indoors for winter.
Pest and disease management is crucial. Common pests include aphids and spider mites, which can be managed with systemic sprays. Fungal diseases like leaf spot and gray mold require regular fungicide applications and prompt removal of infected leaves.
With proper care, hydrangeas can thrive and bring beauty to any garden, making them a beloved choice among horticulturists and garden enthusiasts alike.