Anti-rust paint anti-rust mechanism

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Anti-rust paint is a type of coating designed to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Its main components include anti-rust pigments and film-forming substances, and it is often named based on the type of pigment used, such as red rust paint or iron red rust paint. Depending on the mechanism of protection, anti-rust paints can generally be divided into four categories: physical, chemical, electrochemical, and comprehensive anti-rust paints.

1. Physical Anti-Rust Paint

Physical anti-rust paint works by forming a protective barrier without undergoing any chemical or electrochemical reaction with the metal surface. Its anti-rust effect comes from two main factors:

1) The use of chemically stable, inert pigments and fillers that are insoluble in water and resistant to decomposition by corrosive agents. These materials help create a dense, stable coating with fewer surface defects. This not only enhances the strength of the coating but also reduces the rate at which water, oxygen, and ions penetrate through the paint film.

2) Some anti-rust paints incorporate fine, flaky materials as the main pigment, which further improves their barrier properties.

Common physical anti-rust pigments include iron oxide red, natural iron oxide red, mica iron oxide, aluminum powder, graphite powder, and fine glass flakes.

2. Chemical Anti-Rust Paint

Chemical anti-rust paint is one of the most commonly used types. It contains chemically active pigments that react with the metal surface, altering its properties and forming protective reaction products to prevent rusting.

Key chemical anti-rust pigments include lead-based pigments, chromate pigments, phosphate pigments, and organic phosphate pigments.

3. Electrochemical Anti-Rust Paint

Based on electrochemical corrosion theory, the anode in a corrosion cell is the one that corrodes. If a coating has a lower electrode potential than the metal, it acts as the anode while the metal becomes the cathode, preventing corrosion. This principle is used in cathodic protection coatings. One of the most widely used examples is zinc-rich primer.

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