Factors Affecting the Oscillation of the Oscillating Screen Rolling Bearing

Source: China Bearing Network | Time: 2012-12-30

Oscillating screens are widely used in industrial applications, and their performance is heavily influenced by the behavior of the rolling bearings. These bearings play a critical role in maintaining smooth operation and reducing unwanted vibrations. However, several factors can lead to oscillation, which may affect both the bearing and the overall system. One of the main sources of vibration in oscillating screens is the type of vibration exciter used. Most commonly, either a shaft-type or a box-type exciter is employed. The shaft-type exciter is known for its ease of adjustment but comes at a higher cost. On the other hand, the box-type exciter uses a fan-shaped eccentric block that allows for adjustable orientation, making it easier to control the excitation force and, consequently, the amplitude of the screen's movement. During operation, the centrifugal force generated by the eccentric mass causes the axis to deviate, leading to relative deflection in the bearing raceway. This deviation, combined with frequency conversion and harmonic effects, creates inertial forces and couples that result in dynamic reactions and oscillations within the bearing. These oscillations can damage the bearing and other components, especially when the oscillation frequency matches the natural frequency of the screen box, causing intense resonance. An oscillating system consisting of a bearing and an eccentric mechanism can be considered as a single-degree-of-freedom system. Both the driving and driven shafts have their own resonant frequencies. If the excitation frequency approaches this resonant frequency, resonance occurs, leading to increased oscillation. Additionally, the centrifugal inertial force from the eccentric mass can cause torsional oscillations. If the rotational speed is close to the critical value, torsional resonance may occur. Another factor affecting bearing oscillation is the precision of the bearing itself. Bearings with higher precision tend to produce less oscillation. The raceway, particularly the outer surface, has a significant impact on the overall performance. The clearance between the rolling elements and the cage, along with the relative motion between the rolling elements and the raceway, contributes to bearing oscillation. The spin frequency of the rolling elements is high, and their interaction with the raceway can create oscillations. Typically, the oscillation levels of the rolling element, raceway, and cage are in a ratio of approximately 4:3:1. Therefore, improving the machining accuracy of the rolling elements is essential to reduce oscillation. Radial clearance also plays a crucial role in bearing oscillation. If the radial clearance is too large or too small, it can lead to excessive oscillation. A small radial clearance may cause high-frequency oscillations, while a larger clearance can result in low-frequency oscillations. For example, in large bearings like 3E3626, experiments have shown that excessive radial clearance reduces the natural frequency of the bearing system, leading to resonance and large low-frequency oscillations. This is because the impact between the rolling elements and the raceway increases, causing more pronounced vibrations. The fit between the outer ring and the housing also affects oscillation transmission. A tight fit may cause deformation of the raceway, increasing shape errors and inducing additional oscillations. In contrast, a looser fit allows for damping effects from the oil film in the gap. The material properties of the bearing housing and the use of rubber damping rings can further influence the level of oscillation. Finally, friction and misalignment are primary sources of oscillation in oscillating screens. The bearing is subjected to significant radial forces due to the high excitation forces during operation. If the bearing is not properly aligned, it can lead to excessive friction, causing temperature rise and reduced radial clearance. To prevent this, many oscillating screens use bearings with larger clearances, such as 3E3626 and 3G36240. However, these larger clearances can also increase the possibility of radial runout and high-frequency oscillations. In conclusion, multiple factorsâ€”such as the type of exciter, bearing precision, radial clearance, and alignmentâ€”can significantly affect the oscillation of the oscillating screen rolling bearing. Proper design, maintenance, and selection of components are essential to minimize unwanted vibrations and ensure smooth operation.
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