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Six sands rising in the ravine
The Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory was a key project during China’s "Four-Five" plan. Originally constructed by the Second Grinding Wheel Factory (Zhengzhou) of the former Ministry of the First Machinery Industry, the factory began operations in 1970. Located 16 kilometers west of Guiyang, nestled in a valley surrounded by mountains, the factory sits at an elevation of 1259 meters. The rugged terrain and complex topography posed significant challenges, with coal seams beneath the surface. Three production workshops were scattered across barren hillsides to blend into the natural landscape.
Today, the factory spans over 150,000 square meters with more than 50,000 square meters of floor space. It houses nine branches producing a range of diamond, cubic boron nitride, grinding wheels, tools, and abrasives. Additionally, it operates the Guiyang Superhard Abrasives Research Institute, established by the Machinery Ministry and Liusha. Equipped with over 300 sets of machinery, the factory includes advanced German-imported equipment like a 50MN double-sided diamond press and a complete diamond circular and row saw production line for stone cutting.
Since its inception, Liusha has grown from producing basic diamonds to manufacturing high, medium, and low-grade diamond abrasives, cubic boron nitride abrasives, diamond polycrystals, and composite polycrystals. Its products include cups, bowls, plates, and flat grinding wheels used for ceramics, glass, ferrite, gemstones, optical glass, insulating materials, silicon materials, and more. It also produces a variety of diamond and cubic boron nitride grinding wheels and discs, along with specialized tools for geological and petroleum exploration, stone processing, and metal cutting. Thousands of users worldwide benefit from these products, some of which are exported internationally.
Liusha’s commitment to talent development aligns with its "go out, come in" strategy, training numerous senior, intermediate, technical, and skilled workers. Over five batches totaling more than 100 individuals have been trained, and Liusha has sent multiple delegations overseas for technical and management exchanges. International visitors from Germany, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Hong Kong/Taiwan have also visited to discuss business opportunities.
The spirit of "self-reliance and hard work" has guided Liusha since its founding. When the first 13 workers arrived in Guiyang to build the factory, they faced harsh conditions, sleeping in makeshift pigwood sheds without proper doors and windows. Nights were often rainy, soaking bedding, making sleep impossible. Days were spent measuring and drawing plans on broken wooden beds. Transportation relied heavily on foot, with occasional rides on coal trucks. Returning from Guiyang, workers often returned covered in coal dust, jokingly referred to as "Africans."
The chaotic social climate and scarcity of supplies exacerbated hardships. Meat was a luxury, and vegetables were scarce. At one point, the cafeteria served only saltwater and "solid soy sauce," with workers relying on a spoonful of this "soup" to fill their stomachs.
Despite these challenges, Liusha employees worked tirelessly, often exceeding ten-hour days. Their dedication led to significant achievements, including the construction of a 35KV transmission line from Baihua Power Station to the factory. Built on continuous mountainous terrain, the 10.5km line was erected entirely by hand, with workers hauling over 100 tons of materials, including 1796 pieces of 25-ton fittings. The project was completed in just three months, ensuring reliable power supply.
Production and construction proceeded simultaneously, with employees unloading bricks and sand during their free time. A dual-purpose hall (canteen/auditorium) was built using prefabricated parts, with workers carrying thousands of bricks and lifting heavy components by hand. Even in 1977, during expansion, employees manually leveled tens of thousands of square meters of factory space, improving efficiency with bulldozers and collaborative efforts.
In 1976, Liusha underwent significant expansion, constructing a modern facility alongside the original site. The new factory featured wide, bright buildings housing dozens of six-sided presses operating around the clock. The abrasive workshop moved into a spacious new building, and the mechanical tooling workshop expanded fivefold with hundreds of additional machines.
By 1978, Liusha’s production scale, product output, specifications, and technological advancements reached industry-leading levels. Annual profits and taxes exceeded 9 million yuan, equivalent to 1.5 times the national investment.
In 1985, Liusha’s superhard abrasives production reached 2.067 million carats, with various products totaling 778,200 carats. By the end of 1985, Liusha had contributed 52.114 million yuan in profits and taxes to the state, four times the national investment.
Reform and opening-up brought new challenges, causing a decline in production and shrinking markets. By 1994, Liusha faced losses. Undeterred, the factory focused on technological advancement, research, and product development. Early innovations included adapting diamond synthesis for industrial production, improving processes, and introducing new equipment.
Initially, diamonds produced were largely incomplete crystals with poor compressive strength. Through major improvements, compressive strength rose to 6 kg in 1977, with better crystal forms and yellow-green colors. In 1982, Type 5 diamonds reached 13 kg compressive strength, winning a Ministry of Science and Technology Achievement Award. Polycrystalline diamonds for geological and petroleum exploration were also developed.
Further advancements included metal-coated superabrasives, which increased resin bond durability by 30-100%. In 1974, a 500mm-diameter, 200mm-thick superhard abrasive coreless grinding wheel was developed. Optical processing tools and magnetic material grinding discs followed, contributing to industry automation and local production.
In 1994, Liusha completed a national key project for CNC coordinate grinding machine CBN wheels, achieving performance comparable to imported products. In 2000, a steel industry grinding wheel series was developed, surpassing Japanese standards. Glass edging grinding wheels launched in 2005 and 501 steel grinding wheels in 2004 won awards.
Today, Liusha remains committed to excellence, aiming to revitalize the superhard materials industry in Guizhou. Following central government directives, Liusha will relocate to a new industrial park, investing 1.5 billion yuan in renovation and modernization. Under the Western Development Strategy, leveraging Guizhou’s resources, Liusha seeks new applications for superhard materials in industries like automobiles, electronics, and mining.
With continued innovation and the dedication of its workforce, Liusha aims to reclaim its legacy and achieve even greater success.