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Six sands rising in the ravine
The Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory, a significant project during the "Four-Five" period of China's national plan, was constructed by the Second Grinding Wheel Factory (Zhengzhou) of the former First Ministry of Machinery Industry. Construction began in 1966 and was completed and operational by 1970. Located 16 kilometers west of Guiyang, nestled in a valley surrounded by mountains at an elevation of 1259 meters, the factory sits amidst rugged terrain and complex geography. Beneath the surface lies a coal seam. To blend with the landscape, the three production workshops are spread across three barren hills.
Today, Liusha covers a total area of 150,000 square meters with over 50,000 square meters of construction area. It operates nine branches producing a range of diamond, cubic boron nitride, grinding wheels, discs, and tools. Additionally, it houses the Guiyang Superhard Abrasive Research Institute, originally managed by the Ministry of Machinery and Liusha. The factory boasts over 300 sets of various production equipment, including 50MN double-faced diamond synthetic presses imported from Germany and a complete set of diamond round and row saw production lines for stone cutting.
After more than forty years of effort, Liusha evolved from producing basic diamonds to manufacturing high, medium, and low-grade diamond and cubic boron nitride abrasives, diamond polycrystals, and composite polycrystals. It also produces a variety of diamond and cubic boron nitride grinding wheels, discs, and tools, suitable for processing ceramics, glass, ferrite, gemstones, optical glass, insulating materials, silicon materials, and more. Liusha also offers drills and reamers for geological and petroleum exploration, stone processing saw blades and discs, metal-cutting composite polycrystalline tools, and special equipment, with thousands of users worldwide and some products exported internationally.
Liusha follows a strategy of "going out and inviting in," nurturing various senior, intermediate, technical, and skilled workers, training five batches totaling over 100 individuals for other factories. It has sent over ten groups of personnel overseas for technical and managerial exchanges. Over a dozen people from Germany, Britain, Russia, Japan, Hong Kong, and Taiwan have visited Liusha for business discussions.
Liusha's guiding principle has always been "self-reliance and hard work." When the first thirteen pioneers arrived in Guiyang to build Liusha, they initially resided in makeshift pigsties using abandoned doors and windows from a business school. Working tirelessly, often for over ten hours daily, they built the factory despite harsh conditions. Social chaos and material shortages meant living frugally, often without adequate food. Yet, Liusha workers persevered, driven by the spirit of "self-reliance."
In 1969, a team of seven returned from Guiyang to Liusha in the rain, walking three hours through muddy paths, drenched and exhausted. Materials were scarce, and meals often consisted of "saltwater soup" or "solid soy sauce." Despite these challenges, Liusha employees worked diligently to establish their factory.
To address power issues, factory leaders decided to construct a new 35KV transmission line from Baihua Power Station to the factory, spanning 10.5 kilometers. Under Deputy Director Wang Qingchi's leadership, dozens of young and middle-aged workers worked from 7:30 AM to 7:30 PM, constructing the line themselves. They erected over 100 hundred-kilogram cement poles, two towers (23.5M and 18M), and 1796 pieces of 25-ton fasteners manually. Completed in just three months, this effort ensured the factory's operational stability.
During construction, workers organized the transportation of bricks and stones in their spare time, often working day and night. They built a dual-purpose hall (canteen/auditorium) covering over 2,000 square meters using prefabricated parts. Employees transported hundreds of thousands of bricks and lifted prefabricated components manually, risking injury with every movement.
In 1977, following land acquisition for expansion, employees leveled tens of thousands of square meters of factory space. Even then, conditions were challenging, requiring manual labor alongside machinery. High-risk workshops relocated to new buildings in 1983, though muck piles remained. New leadership organized a Spring Festival holiday cleanup involving middle-level cadres, party members, and volunteers. On New Year’s Day, over 300 employees participated, demonstrating the spirit of self-reliance.
Technical innovations marked Liusha’s growth. Master Shao Jisheng led the installation of five German hydraulic presses, ensuring their accuracy. Facing humid conditions in Guiyang, oxidized copper powder was reduced using homemade generators and hydrogen gas. Later, a gas generator using aluminum chips improved efficiency.
Liusha’s diamond production transitioned directly from the lab to industrial production, lacking practical experience. This led to significant process improvements during the Cultural Revolution. Synthetic diamond processes were refined, and equipment was innovated. A pyrophyllite grinder and diamond vibratory sorter were developed, along with a synthetic rod electrolysis process. Diamond tool manufacturing shifted to post-processing, enhancing precision.
Since the successful trial of diamond abrasives in 1969, Liusha quickly gained recognition. Despite initial setbacks in 1973, such as warehouse storage and shrinking orders, Liusha expanded its market by introducing new products and exploring global opportunities. Challenges persisted, like subsiding ground in 1975 due to nearby coal kilns. Despite these obstacles, Liusha maintained production by relocating equipment.
By 1983, a modern factory was operational, featuring wide, bright buildings, advanced machinery, and expanded workshops. Liusha’s production scale, product output, specifications, technology, and quality reached industry-leading levels. Profits and taxes surged, earning significant returns for the state.
In 1985, Liusha produced 2.067 million carats of superhard abrasives, generating substantial revenue and contributing significantly to the state. The reform and opening-up era brought unprecedented growth, but Liusha faced losses by 1994. Undeterred, Liusha pursued technological advancements, research, and product development.
Technical innovations included metal-coated superabrasives, improving resin bond durability by 30-100%. Liusha developed various grinding tools, including diamond edging wheels for optics and magnetic materials. These efforts expanded diamond applications and revitalized related industries.
Liusha drafted and revised 15 industry standards, receiving numerous awards, including Ministry of Science and Technology Progress Prizes. It nurtured senior and intermediate professionals, many of whom have made significant contributions both within and beyond the factory.
Under new policies, Liusha plans to relocate to a new abrasive material industrial park in Guiyang, investing 1.5 billion yuan in upgrades. Guided by national strategies, Liusha aims to revitalize its superhard materials industry, leveraging local resources and talent.
Looking ahead, Liusha strives to meet international standards, targeting industries such as automobiles, high-end equipment, electronics, and more. With continued dedication, Liusha seeks to reclaim its legacy and achieve greater success.
Author Introduction: Xu Xiangtao, male, born in April 1940. Graduated from Tianjin University’s Chemical Engineering Department in January 1965. In April 1969, transferred to the Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory from the Second Wheel Factory. Held positions as Chief Engineer and Deputy Director of the Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory, retiring in October 1997 with a senior engineer title.